How Business Incubators Foster Idea Development and Business Plans: A Case Study of Montenegro

Avtorji

Darko Lacmanović
Univerza Mediteran, Fakulteta za turizem
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-9381
Andrej Raspor
Fakulteta za komercialne in poslovne vede
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-9554
Jelena Lacmanović
FUDŠ - Fakulteta za uporabne družbene študije v Novi Gorici
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-6916

Kratka vsebina

The research includes 15 potential entrepreneurs from Montenegro who attended training in a business incubator and who evaluated the mentoring process. Participants agreed that the success of a business requires a lot of work hours (Average 5.00), which supports the Entrepreneurial Commitment Theory. Enjoyment of problem-solving (Mean 4.83) reflects the Theory of Problem Solving in Entrepreneurship. They were the least likely to agree that they think best under pressure (Mean 3.80), which is consistent with the Yerkes-Dodson law. High scores were given for the ability to delegate, interest in work, and self-confidence (Average 4.57-4.51), consistent with the Self-Efficacy Theory. Task prioritization, leadership motivation, and readiness to face problems were also rated well (Average 4.43-4.40). Activities such as problem-solving, market research, financial planning, marketing strategies, and networking received the highest scores (Average 5.00). Mentors received high grades for understanding business ideas and offering support (Average 4.66). The participants rated the entire mentoring experience very positively (Average 4.57), whereby the mentors contributed to the personal and entrepreneurial development of the participants. The research emphasizes that a high level of commitment, effective problem-solving, adequate support from mentors, and practical experience are key to the success of entrepreneurs.

Biografije avtorja

Darko Lacmanović, Univerza Mediteran, Fakulteta za turizem

Darko Lacmanović is a Full Professor at the University »Mediterranean, Faculty for Tourism »Montenegro Tourism School« in Podgorica, Montenegro. He is teaching at the University »Mediterranean, Faculty for Tourism »Montenegro Tourism School« and Faculty for Economy and Business in undergraduate, postgraduate, master, and doctoral studies, since 2005. He also teaches, as a visiting professor, in Faculty for business management in Bar in undergraduate and master studies since 2012, and Faculty for management in Herceg Novi in undergraduate studies since 2018. Graduated in the field of economics, at the University of Split, Faculty for tourism and foreign trade in Dubrovnik, Croatia, [1983 - 1987]. He holds a Master of Science in the field of economics, from the University of Belgrade, Faculty for economics, Belgrade, Serbia,[1994 - 1996]. He received his doctorate in the field of economics, from Megatrend University, Faculty of Business Studies, Belgrade, Serbia, [2002 - 2005], with a thesis on »Sales management in the hospitality industry«. He is appointed as a full professor at University »Mediterranean«, Faculty for tourism »Montenegro Tourism School« on the subjects: Introduction to marketing; Tourism marketing; Sales management in the hospitality industry. In the period from 1989 to 2005, he worked in several hotel and tourism companies as a Procurement Officer, Director of Sales and Director of the hotel. He is the author of several books and journal articles with research interests in Tourism Marketing and Sales Management in the Hospitality industry.

Podgorica, Črna gora. E-pošta: darko.lacmanovic@unimeditieran.net

Andrej Raspor, Fakulteta za komercialne in poslovne vede

Andrej Raspor, Ph.D., is a researcher in the field of social sciences Born in 1965 in Šempeter by Nova Gorica. He is a mechanical engineering technician. After graduating in Organization and Management of Human Resources and Educational Systems at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences in Kranj, University of Maribor, he finished his PhD in 2010 at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Ljubljana. Out of total 40 years of work experience, he spent more than 20 years in various top positions, such as director of - general administration; human resources development; - strategic projects, head of the expense supervision commission and director of his own company. He is also an entrepreneur, the founder of several start-up companies, and a business consultant. Research and pedagogical work: Administrative and organisational sciences with a focus on research: (1) Employment relationships and processes, with an emphasis on optimizing work processes in terms of personnel, costs and organization of working time; (2) Tourism, with a focus on Chinese and African outbound tourism, tourism for people with special needs, sustainable tourism, and smart tourism; (3) Open innovations and industry 5.0; (4) Gambling and gaming; (5) People with special needs. He has conducted several bilateral projects founded by The Slovenian Research Agency and is involved in Interreg Europe projects. The COBISS printout comprises 800 units.

Celje, Slovenija. E-pošta: andrej.raspor@t-2.si

Jelena Lacmanović, FUDŠ - Fakulteta za uporabne družbene študije v Novi Gorici

Jelena Lacmanović is a psychologist with several years of experience in Human Resources. Holding master’s degrees in Intercultural Management (at the School of Advanced Social Studies – FUDŠ) and Psychology (University of Ljubljana), Jelena is working internationally within the recruitment world. Besides, she is involved in research of various topics, from tourism and hospitality, human resources to innovations. She has participated in several published research projects in mentioned areas of research.

Nova Gorica, Slovenija. E-pošta:  jelena.lacmanovic15@gmail.com

Prenosi

Izdano

09.12.2025

Kako citirati

Lacmanović, D., Raspor, A., & Lacmanović, J. (2025). How Business Incubators Foster Idea Development and Business Plans: A Case Study of Montenegro . In M. Marič & S. Kremsar (Eds.), Improving Entrepreneurial Journey (pp. 187-212). Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru. https://doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.10.205.4