x402: arhitektura in praktična uporaba strojnih plačil z uporabo HTTP 402

The article presents the x402 protocol, an open standard for machine-based online payments, which, after three decades of non-use, implements the HTTP 402 status code as an actual payment mechanism for the first time. The current state of data access charging is described, as well as the obstacles such as dependency on intermediaries, high costs of microtransactions, and the absence of a built-in payment mechanism that led to the creation of the protocol. The x402 architecture (client, source server, wallet, payment schemes, payment broker), operation, and comparison of versions v1 and v2 are presented in more detail. This is followed by a comparison with the alternative Machine Payments Protocol (MPP) with a recommendation on when to choose which one. The article ends with a presentation of the use of x402 in reference implementations of artificial intelligence agents and in data spaces, using the example of the DSX Engine connector in the DADS data space (DIH AGRIFOOD Data Space).