Anesteziologija: Učbenik za študente dentalne medicine

Authors

Dušan Mekiš (Ed.)
University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine , University Clinical Centre Maribor image/svg+xml
Marko Zdravković (Ed.)
University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine , University Clinical Centre Maribor image/svg+xml
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-7071
Andreja Möller Petrun (Ed.)
University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine , University Clinical Centre Maribor image/svg+xml
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1161-3577
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18690/um.mf.5.2026

Keywords:

anaesthesiology, general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks, dentistry

Synopsis

Anaesthesiology: Textbook for Dental Students. Anaesthesiology far Dental Students is a textbook intended far undergraduate dental students, providing a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of anaesthesiology relevant to dental practice. It begins with the preoperative assessment and preparation of patients undergoing diagnostic ar surgical procedures, fallowed by an introduction to anaesthetic agents and other pharmacological agents, as well as the equipment used far monitoring and maintaining vita! organ function during anaesthetic care. Subsequent chapters introduce the principles of general and regional anaesthesia, sedation, and anaesthetic management far specialised surgical procedures. The textbook also addresses the monitoring and postoperative care of patients fallowing diagnostic and surgical procedures perfarmed under anaesthesia ar sedation. In addition, the book includes chapters on complications that may occur befare, during, and after dental procedures perfarmed under general ar regional anaesthesia. It outlines the essential measures required far their early recognition, effective management, and prevention of life-threatening emergencies. A dedicated chapter focuses on the causes and management of acute and chronic pain, the symptom that most frequently leads patients to seek dental care.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Dušan Mekiš (Ed.), University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Centre Maribor

Dušan Mekiš is a Consultant Anaesthesiologist specialising in Anaesthesia, Resuscitation, and Perioperative lntensive Care Medicine at the Department of Anaesthesiology, lntensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, University Medica! Centre Maribor, Slovenia. His principal clinical and academic interests include cardiothoracic and vascular anaesthesia, as well as airway management. He has participated in numerous national and international clinical research projects. From 2009 to 2020, he served as Head of the Department of Scientific Research at the University Medica! Centre Maribor.  At the Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, he teaches anaesthesiology, first aid, and emergency medicine to undergraduate students of medicine and dental medicine. Since 2017, he has been a member of the Extended National Medica! Council for Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Perioperative lntensive Care of the Republic of Slovenia.

Maribor, Slovenia. E-mail: dusan.mekis@um.si

Marko Zdravković (Ed.), University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Centre Maribor

Marko Zdravković is working as a consultant in anesthesiology, resuscitation and perioperative intensive medicine at the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, University Medica! Centre Maribor. He teaches students at the Faculty ofMedicine, University ofMaribor and works as a lecturer and mentor within the PhD program Biomedical Technology at University of Maribor. He actively participates in numerous national and international research projects in the fields of airway management, mechanical ventilation, hemodynamics, microcirculation, pain management, hypothermia, pharmacology, medica! education, etc. Since 2021, he has been the president of the Slovenian Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Medicine.

Maribor, Slovenia. E-mail: markozdravkovic@gmail.com 

Andreja Möller Petrun (Ed.), University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Centre Maribor

Andreja Moller Petrun is a Consultant Anaesthesiologist specialising in Anaesthesia, Resuscitation, and Perioperative lntensive Care Medicine at the Department of Anaesthesiology, lntensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia. She is clinically active across all fields of anaesthesia, intensive care medicine, and chronic pain management. She also serves as a mentor to specialist trainees and doctoral students. She has participated in several national and international clinical research projects. At the Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, she teaches undergraduate medica! students and, since 2026, has served as Head of the Department of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation. Verzija vloge: 30. avgust 2024. She is an active member of severa! Slovenian and international societies for anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine and has been a member of the Extended National Medica! Council for Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Perioperative lntensive Care of the Republic of Slovenia.

Maribor, Slovenia. E-mail: andreja.moeller@um.si

References

3. jesenski simpozij porodniške anestezije; 2025 Nov 29. p. 42–48.

Absalom AR, Glen JI, Zwart GJ, Schnider TW, Struys MM. Target-Controlled Infusion: A Mature Technology. Anesth Analg. 2016 Jan;122(1): 70–8 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dosegljivo na: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26516798/.

Absalom AR, Mason KP, uredniki. Total Intravenous Anaesthesia and Target Controlled Infusions. A Comprehensive Global Anthology [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG; 2017 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dosegljivo na:

Ahmad I, El-Boghdadly K, Iliff H, Dua G, Higgs A, Huntington M, Mir F, Nouraei SAR, O'Sullivan EP, Patel A, Rivett K, McNarry AF. Difficult Airway Society 2025 guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in adults. Br J Anaesth. 2025 Nov 7:S0007-0912(25)00693-2.

Aitkenhead AR. Injuries associated with anaesthesia. A global perspective. Br J Anaesth. 2005; 95(1): 95–109.

Aldrete JA. The post-anesthesia recovery score revisited. J Clin Anesth. 1995; 7(1): 89–91.

Allman A, Wilson I, Baker B, Batchelor A, Bellamy M, Berg S, Berry C, Blanshard H, Bodenham A. Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2011.

Al-Rifai Z, Mulvey D. Principles of total intravenous anaesthesia: basic pharmacokinetics and model descriptions. BJA Educ Internet. 2016 Jun;16(3): 92–97 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dosegljivo na: https://www.bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(16)30021-2/fulltext.

Altemeier WA, Burke JF, Pruitt BA, Sandusky WR. Manual on control of infection in surgical patients (2nd ed.) Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott, 1984.

American College of Surgeons: ATLS®‑advanced trauma life support student course manual, 10th ed. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2018. p. 60611–3211.

American Dental Association (ADA). Guidelines for the Use of Sedation and General Anesthesia by Dentists. ADA House of Delegates, 2016.

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Task Force, American Dental Association, et al. Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018. Anesthesiology. 2018; 128(3): 437–479.

American Society of Anesthesiologists, Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring [Internet]; 1986 [posodobljeno 2020 Dec 20, dostopano 2025 Avg 2]. Dostopno na: https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-practice-parameters/standards-for-basic-anesthetic-monitoring.

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: An Updated Report. Anesthesiology. 2023;138(1):22–48.

Anaesthesiavault.com [Internet]; 2025 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dostopno na: https://anaesthesiavault.com/vault/total-intravenous-anaesthesia-tiva/

Apfel CC, Heidrich FM, Jukar-Rao S, Jalota L, Hornuss C, Whelan RP, Zhang K, Cakmakkaya OS. Evidence-based analysis of risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Nov; 109(5): 742-53. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes276. Epub 2012 Oct 3..

Apfelbaum JL, Silverstein JH, Chung FF, et al. Practice guidelines for postanesthetic care: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Postanesthetic Care. Anesthesiology. 2013; 118(2): 291–307.

Ashoobi MT, Shakiba M, Keshavarzmotamed A, Ashraf A. Prevalence of Postoperative Hypothermia in the Post-anesthesia Care Unit. Anesth Pain Med. 2023 Sep 12; 13(5): e136730.

Athanassoglou V, Patel A, McGuire B, et al. Systematic review of benefits or harms of routine anaesthetist-inserted throat packs in adults: practice recommendations for inserting and counting throat packs: an evidence-based consensus statement by the Difficult Airway Society (DAS), the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (BAOMS) and the British Association of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-UK). Anaesthesia 2018; 73: 612e8.

Atkinson TM, Giraud GD, Togioka BM, Jones DB, Cigarroa JE. Cardiovascular and Ventilatory Consequences of Laparoscopic Surgery. Circulation. 2017; 135: 700–710.

Ayoub, S. S. (2021). Paracetamol (acetaminophen): A familiar drug with an unexplained mechanism of action. Temperature, 8(4), 351–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1886392.

Azmanov H, Darawshy F. Fire: argon plasma coagulation, diathermy and laser. Breathe (Sheff). 2025 [citirano 2025 Avg 20]. Dostopno na: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40673066/.

Azzam A et al. Hot topics in opioid pharmacology: mixed and biased opioids. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2019. Volume 122, Issue 6, e136–e145.

Baart JA, Brand HS. Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry. 2nd ed. Cham: Springer; 2017.

Badenes R, García-Pérez ML, Bilotta F. Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral oximetry and depth of anaesthesia during neuroanesthesia procedures: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2016;29(5): 576–581.

Badenes R, Gruenbaum SE, Bilotta F. Cerebral protection during neurosurgery and stroke: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2015;28(5): 532–536.

Bali A, Dang AK, Gonzalez DA, Kumar R, Asif S. Clinical uses of ketamine in children: a narrative review. Cureus [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Aug 21]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9389002/

Balwani M, Desnick RJ. The porphyrias: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Blood. 2012; 120(23): 4496–504.

Bates D, Schultheis BC, Hanes MC, Jolly SM, Chakravarthy KV, Deer TR, et al. A Comprehensive Algorithm for Management of Neuropathic Pain. Pain Med. 2019 1; 20(Suppl 1): S2–S12. Erratum in: Pain Med. 2023 Feb 1; 24(2): 219. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac194. PMID: 31152178; PMCID: PMC6544553.

Becker DE, Haas DA. Recognition and management of complications during moderate and deep sedation. Part 2: Cardiovascular considerations. Anesthesia Progress. 2011; 58(3): 126–138.

Becker DE, Reed KL. Local anesthetics: review of pharmacological considerations. Anesth Prog. 2012; 59(2): 90–103.

Becker DE, Reed KL. Local anesthetics: review of pharmacological considerations. Anesth Prog. 2012 Summer; 59(2): 90–101.

Becker DE. Drug therapy in dental practice: general principles. Part 1 - Pharmacokinetic considerations. Anesth Prog. 2006;53(4): 140–5.

Becker DE. Drug therapy in dental practice: general principles. Part 2 - pharmacodynamic considerations. Anesth Prog. 2007;54(1): 19–23.

Becker DE. Respiratory complications associated with sedation and general anesthesia for dental treatment. Anesth Prog. 2017; 64(3): 144–152.

Benedik J. Perioperativno vodenje pacienta za operacije v ORL področju. In: Möller Petrun A, Mekiš D, Jasna S, ur. Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine, Modul 7: specialna anestezija 2: učbenik, 2. dopolnjena izdaja. UKC Maribor. Maribor, 2023 [citirano 2025 Avg 20]. Dostopno na: https://www.ukc-mb.si/strokovna-srecanja/zborniki.

Bengalorkar GM, Bhuvana K, Sarala N, Kumar TN. Fospropofol: Clinical Pharmacology. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol; 2011 [citirano 2025 Aug 1]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3146164/.

Berg S. Chapter 33: Neonatal/infant physiology. In: Allman KG, Wilson IH, eds. Oxford handbook of Anaesthesia (3rd edition) 2011: 800-9.

Berger J, Mušič P, Logar Zakrajšek B, Mekiš D. Preprečevanje in ukrepanje v primeru zavedanja med splošno anestezijo. Zdrav Vestn 2014; 83: 137–46.

Berríos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 2017 [published correction appears in JAMA Surg. 2017 Aug 1;152(8):803]. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(8): 784–791.

Biedermann S, Wodey E, De La Briere F, Pouvreau A, Ecoffey C. Paediatric discharge score in ambulatory surgery. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2014; 33(5): 330–334.

Bigatello L, Pesenti A. Respiratory Physiology for the Anesthesiologist. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(6): 1064–77.

Bilotta F, Guerra C, Rosa G. Update on anesthesia for craniotomy: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013;26(5): 517–522.

Blobner M, Eriksson LI, Scholz J, Motsch J, Della Rocca G, Prins ME. Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex compared with neostigmine during sevoflurane anaesthesia: results of a randomised, controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010; 27(10): 874–8.

Blobner M, Hunter JM, Meistelman C, Hoeft A, Hollmann MW , Kirmeier E, Lewald H, Ulm K. Use of a train-of-four ratio of 0.95 versus 0.9 for tracheal extubation: an exploratory analysis of POPULAR data. Br J Anaesth. 2020; 124(1): 63–72.

Bloom J, Alvarado E, Linganna R, Augoustides JG, Ivanova V, Frogel J, Kamyszek RW, Fernando RJ. Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia in a Patient Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: Perioperative Challenges and Management. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2025; S1053-0770(25)01124-3.

Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2013; 70: 195–283.

Brizuela M, Daley JO. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block. [Updated 2025 Jul 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-.

Brown EN, Lydic R, Schiff ND. General anesthesia, sleep, and coma. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 30; 363(27): 2638–50.

Brown EN, Pavone KJ, Naranjo M. Multimodal General Anesthesia: Theory and Practice. Anesth Analg. 2018;127(5): 1246–1258.

Brull SJ, Meistelman C. Pharmacology of neuromuscular blocking drugs. In. Gropper MA et al. Miller's Anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia Elsevier/Saunders. 2019; 792–831.

Brull SJ. Physiology of Neuromuscular Transmission. In. Murray MJ et al. Faust’s anesthesiology review. 4th ed. Philadelphia Elsevier/Saunders. 2015; 98–100.

Buhre W, Disma N, Hendrickx J, DeHert S, Hollmann MW, Huhn R, Jakobsson J, Nagele P, Peyton P, Vutskits L. European Society of Anaesthesiology Task Force on Nitrous Oxide: a narrative review of its role in clinical practice. Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(5): 587–604.

Butterworth J, Mackey DC Wasnick J. Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology. 7th Ed. McGraw-Hill Medical, 2022.

Caio Marcio Barros de Oliveira, Adriana Machado Issy, Rioko Kimiko Sakata, Intraoperative Intravenous Lidocaine, Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology, Volume 60, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 325–333, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-7094(10)70041-6.

Cairns JA. The coxibs and traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a current perspective on cardiovascular risks. Can J Cardiol. 2007 Feb;23(2): 125-31. doi: 10.1016/s0828-282x(07)70732-8.

Calatyud J, Saraghi M, ur. Local Anesthesia in Dentistry: A Locoregional Approach. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley‐Blackwell, 2023. 1st edition.

Calvey and N.E. Williams. Principles and Practice of Pharmacology for Anaesthetists, Fifth Edition 2008.

Carney N, Tottem AM, O'Reilly C, Ullman JM, Hawryluk GWJ, Bell MJ, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury 4th Edition. cited on 2025 Aug 13. Available from: https://braintrauma.org/uploads/03/12/Guidelines_for_Management_of_Severe_TBI_4th_Edition.pdf

Cascella M, Bimonte S, Muzio MR. Towards a better understanding of anesthesia emergence mechanisms: Research and clinical implications. World J Methodol. 2018;8(2): 9–16.

Casselman FPA, Lance MD, Ahmed A, et al. 2024 EACTS/EACTAIC Guidelines on patient blood management in adult cardiac surgery in collaboration with EBCP. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2025;67(5):ezae352.

Chalmers A, Patel B, Harey A, Manji M, Sharma MP. Royal College of Anaesthetists. 12: Guidelines for the provision of anaesthesia services for ENT, oral maxillofacial and dental surgery 2022. (cited on 2025 Apr 25). Available from: https://rcoa.ac.uk/gpas/chapter-12.

Chatburn RL, El-Khatib M, Mireles-Cabodevila E. A Taxonomy for Mechanical Ventilation: 10 Fundamental Maxims. Respir Care. 2014;59(11): 1747–63.

Chen YK, Boden KA, Schreiber KL. The role of regional anaesthesia and multimodal analgesia in the prevention of chronic postoperative pain: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2021 Jan; 76 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 8–17. doi: 10.1111/anae.15256.

Chen YK, Boden KA, Schreiber KL. The role of regional anaesthesia and multimodal analgesia in the prevention of chronic postoperative pain: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2021; 76 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): 8–17.

Cheng J, Rosenquist RW, eds. Fundamentals of Pain Medicine. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG; 2018.

Cheng Y, Lu J, Xiong X in sod. Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 1.

Chesnut D. H., Wong C. A., Tsen L.C. et al., Chesnut`s Obstetric Anesthesia: principal and practice. Elsevier, sixth edition; 2020. p. 13–38.

Chin A, van Zundert A. Spinal anesthesia. Nysora. New York. [Cited on 2025 May 5]. Available from: https://www.nysora.com/techniques/spinal-anesthesia-2/.

Chincholkar M. Gabapentinoids: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and considerations for clinical practice. Br J Pain. 2020 May;14(2): 104–114. doi: 10.1177/2049463720912496. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Chowdhury SR, McLure HA. Chronic kidney disease and anaesthesia. BJA Education. 2022;22(8):321–28.

Chung F, Abdullah HR, Liao P. STOP-Bang Questionnaire: A Practical Approach to Screen for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Chest. 2016;149(3):631–8.

Claudius C., Garvey LH, Viby-Mogensen J. The undesirable effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Anaesthesia. 2009; 64: 10–21.

Colomina MJ, Galán Menéndez P, Ripollés-Melchor J. Use of fluid therapy in perioperative adult patients: A narrative review. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed). 2024 Dec;71(10): 748–759.

Connon JW. Hemorrhagic shock. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 370–379.

Conrad C, Eltzschig HK. Disease Mechanisms of Perioperative Organ Injury. Anesth Analg. 2020; 131(6): 1730–1750.

Cooper, C., Chapurlat, R., Al-Daghri, N. et al. Safety of Oral Non-Selective Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Osteoarthritis: What Does the Literature Say?. Drugs Aging 36 (Suppl 1), 15–24 (2019). Dostopno na: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-019-00660-1.

Cote CJ, Wilson, S, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Pediatrics. 2019;143(6): e20191000.

Crawley SM, Dalton AJ. Predicting the difficult airway. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2014. p. 179–183. [citirano 2025, Avg 21]. Dostopno na: https://www.bjaed.org/action/showPdf?pii=S2058-5349%2817%2930135-X.

Cruse PJ, Foord R. The epidemiology of wound infection. A 10-year prospective study of 62,939 wounds. Surg Clin North Am. 1980;60(1): 27–40. doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)42031-1

Curro J, Santonocito C, Merola F, Messina S, Sanfilippo M, Brancati S. Ciprofol as compared to propofol for sedation and general anesthesia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care; 2024 [citirano 2025 Aug 1]. Available from: https://janesthanalgcritcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44158-024-00159-1.

Davidson BM. Anesthesia for eye surgery. In: Chu L, Fuller A. Clinical Anesthesiology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2011. p. 953–958.

Decloux D, Ouanounou A. Local anaesthesia in dentistry: a review. Int Dent J. 2020; 71(2): 87–95.

DeSantis JL, Liebow C. Four common mandibular nerve anomalies that lead to local anesthesia failures. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996 Jul;127(7): 1081-6. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1996.0333.

Diener HC, Tassorelli C, Dodick DW. Management of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Including Chronic Cluster: A Review. JAMA Neurol. 2023; 80(3): 308–319.

Djakow J, Turner NM, Skellett S, Buysse CMP, Cardona F, de Lucas N, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Paediatric Life Support. Resuscitation. 2025 Oct; 215 Suppl 1: 110767. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110767.

Donati F, Bevan DR. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. In. Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK. Clinical Anesthesia, 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006; 883–948.

Dosegljivo na: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.051https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(20)30434-7/fulltext.

Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Spencer FA, et al. Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy: CHEST Guideline. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e326S–e350S.

Duchesne JC, McSwain NE, Cotton BA, Hunt JP, Dellavolpe J, Lafaro K, et al. Damage control resuscitation: The new face of damage control. J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care 2010; 69(4): 976–90.

Edmark L, Auner U, Enlund M, Ostberg E, Hedenstierna G. Oxygen concentration and characteristics of progressive atelectasis formation during anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(1): 75–81.

Eleveld DJ, Colin P, Absalom AR, Struys MMRF. Target-controlled-infusion models for remifentanil dosing consistent with approved recommendations. Br J Anaesth Internet. 2020 Oct;125(4): 483–491 [citirano 2025 Avg 2].

Erstad BL, Barletta JF. Dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with obesity: A narrative review. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2021; 49(2): 98–104.

Eucker SA, Knisely MR, Simon C. Nonopioid Treatments for Chronic Pain—Integrating Multimodal Biopsychosocial Approaches to Pain Management. JAMA Netw Open. 2022; 5(6): e2216482.

Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021; 49(11): e1063-e1143.

Evropska agencija za zdravila. Byfavo [Citirano 2025 Aug 1]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/byfavo.

Evropska komisija. Byfavo 20 mg, povzetek glavnih značilnosti zdravila [citirano 2025 Aug 1]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/2021/20210326150941/anx_150941_sl.pdf

Fabjan M, Granda G, Milivojević N, Lorber B. Obravnava epileptičnega statusa pri odraslih. Zdrav Vestn. 2024; 93(7–8): 245–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.3436.

Fawcett WJ, Baldini G. Optimal analgesia during major open and laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015; 33: 65–78.

Fayon M, Gauthier M, Blanc VF, Ahronheim GA, Michaud J. Intraoperative cardiac arrest due to the oculocardiac reflex and subsequent death in a child with occult Epstein-Barr virus myocarditis. Anesthesiology. 1995; 83: 622-4.

Fiore A, Grande AM, Gatti G. Major Complications of Cardiac Surgery. In: Aseni P, Grande AM, Leppäniemi A, Chiara O, eds. The High-risk Surgical Patient. Springer; 2023.

Francis GS, Bartos JA, Adatya S. Inotropes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 May 27;63(20): 2069–2078. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.016

Fuchs-Buder T, Romero CS, Lewald, H, Lamperti M, Afshari A, Hristovska, AM, Schmartz D, Hinkelbein J, Longrois D, Popp M, de Boer HD, Sorbello M, Jankovic R, Kranke P. Peri-operative management of neuromuscular blockade: A guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023; 40(2): 82–94.

Gan TJ. Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jun; 102(6): 1884-98. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000219597.16143.4D.

Gavel G, Walker RWM. Laryngospasm in Anaesthesia. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 2014; 14(2): 47–51.

Gaya da Costa M, Kalmar AF, Struys MMRF. Inhaled Anesthetics: Environmental Role, Occupational Risk, and Clinical Use. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 22;10(6): 1306. doi: 10.3390/jcm10061306.

Geddis-Regan AR, Gray D, Buckingham S, et al. The use of general anaesthesia in special care dentistry: a clinical guideline from the British Society for Disability and Oral Health. Spec Care Dent 2022;42:3e32.

Gertler R, Brown HC, Mitchell DH, Silvius EN. Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative-analgesic agent. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001;14(1): 13–21. (See also for current clinical α2-agonists:) Bajwa SJS, Kulshrestha A. Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists: current clinical applications. Anesth Prog. 2014;61(4): 147–153. doi:10.2344/0003-3006-61.4.147. PMID: 25849473.

Ghadimi K, Levy JH, Welsby IJ. Perioperative management of the bleeding patient. Br J Anaest. 2016;117(S3):iii18–iii30.

Gherlone EF, Capparé P, Beretta M, et al. Dental management of patients with post-myocardial infarction: a review of the literature and current perspectives. Open Dentistry Journal. 2019; 13: 409–417.

Giaccari P, Rossi F, Ampollini A, et al. Anesthetic considerations in patients with cardiac comorbidities undergoing surgery. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2014; 30(2): 186–196.

Gilbert-Kawai N, Hogan B, Milan Z. Perioperative management of patients with liver disease. BJA Education. 2002;22(3):111–17.

Gillis C, Carli F. Promoting Perioperative Metabolic and Nutritional Care. Anesthesiology. 2015 Dec; 123(6): 1455-72. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000795.

Girard T. Pro: rocuronium should replace succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2013; 30: 585–9.

Girdler NM, Hill CM, Wilson KE. Clinical Sedation in Dentistry. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2018.

Gitman M, Fettiplace M, Weinberg G. Local anesthestic systemic toxicity. Nysora. New York. [cited 2025 Aug 10]. Available from: https://www.nysora.com/topics/complications/local-anesthetic-systemic-toxicity/.

Gitman M, Fettiplace M, Weinberg G. Local anesthestic systemic toxicity. Nysora. New York. [cited 2025 Aug 10]. Available from: https://www.nysora.com/topics/complications/local-anesthetic-systemic-toxicity/.

Gordon DB. Acute pain assessment tools: let us move beyond simple pain ratings. Curr Opin Anesthesiol 2015, 28: 565–569.

Gozal D, Mason KP. Pediatric sedation: a global challenge. Int J Pediatr. 2010;2010: 701257.

Gracia I, Fabregas N. Craniotomy in sitting position: anesthesiology management. Curr Opin Anesthesiol. 2014;27(5): 474–483.

Grasner JT, Wnent J, Herlitz J, et al. Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe - results of the EuReCa TWO study. Resuscitation 2020; 148: 218-26.

Gray LD, Morris C. The principles and conduct of anaesthesia for emergency surgery. Anaesthesia 2013; 68: 14–29.

Gray LD, Morris CG. Organisation and planning of anaesthesia for emergency surgery. Anaesthesia 2013; 68: 3–13.

Gropper MA et al. Miller's Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set.10th Edition - September 15, 2023 Elsevier.

Gropper MA et al. Miller's Anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia Elsevier/Saunders. 2019.

Gropper MA in sod. Miller’s Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set. Available from: Elsevier eBooks+, (10th Edition). Elsevier - OHCE, 2024. p. 426–457.

Gropper MA, eds. Miller’s Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set. Available from: Elsevier eBooks+, (10th Edition). Elsevier - OHCE, 2024. p. 1153–1195.

Gropper MA, eds. Miller’s Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set. Available from: Elsevier eBooks+, (10th Edition). Elsevier - OHCE, 2024. p. 426–457.

Gropper MA, eds. Miller’s Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set. Available from: Elsevier eBooks+, (10th Edition). Elsevier - OHCE, 2024. p. 742–768.

Gropper MA, eds. Miller’s Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set. Available from: Elsevier eBooks+, (10th Edition). Elsevier - OHCE, 2024. p. 782–808.

Gropper MA, eds. Miller's Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set. Available from: Elsevier eBooks+, (10th Edition). Elsevier - OHCE, 2024. p 347–372.

Gropper MA, eds. Miller's Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set. Available from: Elsevier eBooks+, (10th Edition). Elsevier - OHCE, 2024. p. 1267–1305.

Gropper MA, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Cohen NH, et al., ur. Miller’s Anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. p. 2210–2234.

Grottke O, Afshari A, Ahmed A, et al. Clinical guideline on reversal of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with life threatening bleeding. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2024; 41(5): 327–350.

Gurrieri C, Weingarten TN, Martin DP. Allergic reactions during anesthesia at a large United States referral center. Anesth Analg. 2011; 113: 1202–1212.

Gutt CN, Oniu T, Mehrabi A in sod. Circulatory and respiratory complications of carbon dioxide insufflations. Digestive Surgery 2004; 21: 95–105.

Hadzic A, ur. Hadzic’s textbook of regional anesthesia and acute pain management. Second ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017. XXVII, 1506. [Cited on 2025 Apr 10]. Available from: http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=2070.

Hagberg CA, Artime CA, Aziz MF (uredniki). Hagberg and Benumof's airway management. 5th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier, cop. 2023.

Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Cassese S, Hall TS, Abdelhamid M et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. 2022; 43: 3826–3924.

Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Cassese S, Hall TS, Abdelhamid M et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. 2022; 43: 3826–3924.

Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Choorapoikayil S, Zacharowski K. Extract from the 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery - Patient Blood Management. Blood Transfus. 2024;22(2): 122–129.

Harris DE. Rocuronium-Induced Anaphylaxis in the Perioperative Period: A Clinical Review. AORN J. 2024;119(1): 47–58.

Harris DE. Rocuronium-Induced Anaphylaxis in the Perioperative Period: A Clinical Review. AORN J. 2024; 119(1): 47–58.

Hauser JM, Azzam JS, Kasi A. Antiemetic Medications. [Updated 2022 Sep 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532303/.

Hayden P, Cowman S. Anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 2011; 11. 177–180.

Hedenstierna G. Effects of anaesthesia on ventilation/perfusion matching. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014;31(9): 447.

Heikal S, Stuart G. Anxiolytic premedication for children. BJA Educ. 2020;20(7):220–225. doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2020.02.006.

Hemmerling TM. Pain management in abdominal surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2018; 403: 791–803.

Hendri Susilo, Fan Maitri Aldian, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu, Mochamad Yusuf Alsagaff, Henry Sutanto, Chaq El Chaq Zamzam Multazam, Levosimendan, a Promising Pharmacotherapy in Cardiogenic Shock: A Comprehensive Review, European Cardiology Review 2024;19:e21.https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2024.16.

Heutlinger O, et al. Nutritional Optimization of the Surgical Patient: A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr. 2025 Jan;16(1): 100351. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100351. Epub 2024 Nov 29.

Hewson DW, Hardman JG. Physical injuries during anaesthesia. BJA Educ. 2018; 18(10): 310–316.

Hinkelbein et al. Cardiac arest in the perioperative period: a consensus guideline for identification, treatment, and prevention from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2023; 40: 724–736.

Hinkelbein J, Lamperti M, Akeson J, Santos J, Costa J, De Robertis E, et al. European Society of Anaesthesiology and European Board of Anaesthesiology guidelines for procedural sedation and analgesia in adults. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(1): 6–24.

Hirvonen EA, Poikolainen EO, Pääkkönen ME, Nuutinen LS. The adverse hemodynamic effects of anesthesia, head-up tilt, and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2000; 14: 272-7.

Hojo T, Kimura Y, Shibuya M, et al. Predictors of hypotension during anesthesia induction in patients with hypertension on medication. BMC Anesthesiology. 2022; 22(1): 343.

Hönemann C, Hagemann O, Doll D. Inhalational anaesthesia with low fresh gas flow. Indian J Anaesth 2013;57: 345–50.

Hopkins PM, Girard T, Dalay S, Jenkins B, Thacker A, Patteril M in McGrady E. Malignant hyperthermia 2020. Anaesthesia. 2021; 76: 655–664.

Horn EP, Bein B, Broch O, et al. Warming before and after epidural block before general anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery prevents perioperative hypothermia: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016 May; 33(5): 334–40.

Hoste EA, Maitland K, Brudney CS, et al. Four phases of intravenous fluid therapy: a conceptual model. Br J Anaesth. 2014 Nov;113(5): 740–7.

http://www.intechopen.com/books/endoscopy/anesthetic-management-for-laparoscopic-cholecystectomy

https://ichd-3.org

https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-practice-parameters/statement-on-nonoperating-room-anesthesia-services (cited on 2025 Apr 11).

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/hazardcontrol/hc3.html.

https://www.draeger.com/en_neeur/Products/Perseus-A500

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321530506_Total_Intravenous_Anesthesia_and_Target_Controlled_Infusions_A_Comprehensive_Global_Anthology.

Huff JS, Tadi P. Coma. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430722.

Hutse I, Walraevens J, Vercauteren M, Vermeersch G. Syncope in Dental Practices: A Systematic Review on Aetiology and Management. Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice. 2021; 21(3): 101581.

Hypothermia: prevention and management in adults having surgery. NICE clinical guideline. Published 23 April 2008, updated 14 December 2016: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg65.

Ibrahim MA, Pellegrini MV, Preuss CV. Antiemetic Neurokinin-1 Receptor Blockers. [Updated 2024 Jan 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470394/.

Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AM, Piras F, et al. Management of Patients Receiving Anticoagulation Therapy in Dental Practice: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Aug 2;12(15):1537.

International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition (ICOP). Cephalalgia. 2020; 40(2): 129–221.

International Foundation for Patient Blood management. Available from: https://ifpbm.org

Jamtsho P, Dorjey Y, Dorji N, Tshering S, Wangmo KP, Dorji T, Wangchuk T, Tshering J. Factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2024 Jul 22; 24(1): 248. doi: 10.1186/s12871-024-02602-w.

Jasiecka A, Maślanka T, Jaroszewski JJ. Pharmacological characteristics of metamizole. Pol J Vet Sci. 2014;17(1): 207-14. doi: 10.2478/pjvs-2014-0030.

Jay Rajan, Matthias Behrends, Acute Pain in Older Adults: Recommendations for Assessment and Treatment, Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 37, Issue 3, 2019, Pages 507–520, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2019.04.009.

Jean YK, Kam D, Gayer S, Palte HD, Stein ALS. Regional Anesthesia for Pediatric Ophthalmic Surgery: A Review of the Literature. Anesth Analg. 2020; 130: 1351–1363.

Jones RK, Caldwell JE, Brull SJ, Soto RG. Reversal of profound rocuronium-induced blockade with sugammadex: a randomized comparison with neostigmine. Anesthesiology. 2008; 109(5): 816–24.

Joris JL. Anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery. In: Miller RD. Miller's Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2010; 2185–202.

Joseph Allencherril, Paul Yong Kyu Lee, Khurrum Khan, Asad Loya, Annie Pally. Etiologies of In-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 2022; 175: 88–95.

Joshi GP, Chung F, Vann MA, et al. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia consensus statement on perioperative blood glucose management in diabetic patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(6):1378–87.

Joshi GP. Complications of laparoscopy. Anesthesiology Clinic of North America. 2001; 19: 89–105.

Kakodkar, PS. (2013), Routine use of dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting: the case for. Anaesthesia, 68: 889–891. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.12308.

Kaplan JA, ed. Kaplan. Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia, 8th ed. Elsevier; 2024.

Karcz M, Abd-Elsayed A, Chakravarthy K, Aman MM, Strand N, Malinowski MN, et al. Pathophysiology of Pain and Mechanisms of Neuromodulation: A Narrative Review (A Neuron Project). J Pain Res. 2024; 17: 3757–3790.

Kateliya R, Madhukant, Dubey M, Chandra S, Sahay N. Comparison of recovery profiles in target‑controlled infusions (TCI) versus manually controlled infusions for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in laparoscopic surgeries. A randomized controlled trial. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2023; 39: 258-63.

Katira BH. Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury: Classic and Novel Concepts. Respir Care. 2019;64(6): 629–37.

Kelly DJ, Farrell SM. Physiology and Role of Intraocular Pressure in Contemporary Anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2018; 126: 1551–1562.

Kenakin, T. The mass action equation in pharmacology. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81: 41–51.

Khan KS, Hayes I, Buggy DJ. Pharmacology of anaesthetic agents I: intravenous anaesthetic agents. Elsevier; 2014 [citirano 2025 Jul 25]. Available from: https://www.bjaed.org/article/S1743-1816(17)30097-5/fulltext

Khan, Khurram SaleemHayes, IvanBuggy, Donal J et al. Pharmacology of anaesthetic agents II: inhalation anaesthetic agents. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Volume 14, Issue 3, 106–111, 2014.

Khinda V, Rao D, Sodhi SPS. Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation Rapid Analgesia in Dentistry: An Overview of Technique, Objectives, Indications, Advantages, Monitoring, and Safety Profile. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023;16(1): 131–138.

Kietaibl S, Ahmed A, Afshari A, Albaladejo P, Aldecoa C, Barauskas G, et al. Management of severe peri-operative bleeding: Guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care: Second update 2022. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023;40(4): 226–304.

Kietaibl S, Ferrandis R, Godier A, et al. Regional anaesthesia in patients on antithrombotic drugs: Joint ESAIC/ESRA guidelines. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2022; 39(2): 100–132.

Kim C, Hwang KG, Park CJ. Local anesthesia for mandibular third molar extraction. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2018;18(5): 287–294.

Kim H. Anesthetic management of the traumatic brain injury patients undergoing non-neurosurgery. Anesth Pain Med 2023;18(2): 104–13.

Kim KM. Remimazolam: pharmacological characteristics and clinical applications in anesthesiology. Anesth Pain Med. Seoul; 2022 [citirano 2025 Aug 1]. Available from: https://www.anesth-pain-med.org/upload/pdf/apm-21115.pdf.

Klein AA, Meek T, Allcock E, Cook TM, Mincher N, et al. Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery: 2021 guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(9): 1212–1223 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dostopno na: https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.15501.

Klein AA, Meek T, Allcock E, Cook TM, Mincher N, Morris C, et al. Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2021: Guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(9): 1212–1223.

Klein AA, Meek T, Allcock E, Cook TM, Mincher N, Morris C, Nimmo AF, Pandit JJ, Pawa A, Rodney G, Sheraton T, Young P. Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2021: Guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021; 76(9): 1212–1223.

Klein AA, Meek T, Allcock et al. Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2021: Guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021; 76: 1212–1223.

Kopman AF, Klewicka MM, Kopman DJ in sod. Molar potency is predictive of the speed of onset of neuromuscular block for agents of intermediate, short, and ultrashort duration. Anesthesiology. 1999;90: 425.

Kopman AF, Naguib M. Laparoscopic surgery and muscle relaxants: is deep block helpful? Anesth Analg. 2015; 120: 51-8.

Kos D. Perioperativna multimodalna analgezija 1: lidokain in nesteroidni antirevmatiki. V UKC, Oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin; Slovensko združenje za anesteziologijo in intenzivno medicino; UKC, Klinični oddelek za anesteziologijo in intenzivno terapijo; 2021. str. 20–8. Dostopno na: https://www.szaim.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Zbornik-SZAIM2021-koncna.pdf.

Kostadinov I. Lokalni anestetiki. In: Poredoš P, ur. Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul 5, Področna anestezija: učbenik. Ljubljana: Klinični oddelek za anesteziologijo in intenzivno terapijo operativnih strok, Kirurška klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center. 2020, p. 55–60.

Kovac AL. Pathophysiology and risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults and children. BJA Educ. 2025 Jun; 25(6): 234–239. doi: 10.1016/j.bjae.2025.02.003. Epub 2025 Apr 16..

Kranke P, Weiniger CF, Sultan P, Achebe MO, Filipescu D, Brogly N, Surbek D, Lasocki S, Guasch E, Meybohm P. Iron deficiency and anemia in pregnancy: a call to action!: „If you don’t take a temperature, you can’t find a fever“. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2024 Nov 16;62: 104298

Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, et al. 2022 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(39):3826–94.

Kuruma Y. Replacing CO2 absorbent during surgery—the risk of hypoventilation continues. APSF Newsletter. 2024: 94–97.

Labanca M, Gianò M, Franco C, Rezzani R. Orofacial Pain and Dentistry Management: Guidelines for a More Comprehensive Evidence-Based Approach. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023; 13(17): 2854.

Lahajnar Čavlovič S, Krčevski Škvarč N, Stepanovič A, Tavčar P, ur. Priporočila za zdravljenje bolečine pri odraslem pacientu z rakom. 3. izd., Maribor: Slovensko združenje za zdravljenje bolečine; 2015.

Lahajnar Čavlovič S, Krčevski Škvarč N, Stepanovič A, Tavčar P, ur. Priporočila za zdravljenje bolečine pri odraslem pacientu z rakom. 3. izd., Maribor: Slovensko združenje za zdravljenje bolečine; 2015.

Lamperti M, Romero CS, Guarracino F, et al. Preoperative assessment of adults undergoing elective noncardiac surgery: Updated guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2025 Jan 1;42(1):1–35.

Lasithiotakis, et al. Malnutrition and perioperative nutritional rehabilitation in major operations. Eur Surg (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-025-00863-4.

Lee HS. Recent advances in topical anesthesia. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2016;16(4): 237–244.

Lee SJ, Sung TY. Emergence agitation: current knowledge and unresolved questions. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2020;73(6): 471–485.

Lee Y, Kim ES, Lee HJ. Pulmonary edema after catastrophic carbon dioxide embolism during laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2008; 49: 676–679.

Lestar M, Gunnarsson L, Lagerstrand L, Wiklund P, Odeberg-Wernerman S. Hemodynamic perturbations during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in 45° Trendelenburg position. Anesth Analg. 2011; 113: 1069-75.

Lim MAWT, Borromeo GL. The use of general anesthesia to facilitate dental treatment in adult patients with special needs. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2017;17(2): 91–103.

Lokar M, Moller Petrun A, Sok V, Kogler D. Wagner-Kovačec J. Gorlinger K. Viskoelastični testi v perioperativnem obdobju (Rotem). Zbornik prispevkov: simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo; 2023 Dec 3; Maribor, Slovenija. V Mariboru: Medicinska fakulteta; 2023.

Lott C, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2021: 161: 152–219.

Lott C, Karageorgos V, Abelairas-Gomez C, Alfonzo A, Bierens J, Cantellow S, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Special Circumstances in Resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2025;215 Suppl 1:110753. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110753.

Lu M, Liu J, Wu K, Zhang Z. Ciprofol: A Novel Alternative to Propofol in Clinical Intravenous Anesthesia? Biomed Res Int. 2023 [citirano 2025 Aug 1]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9879693/.

Lüsebrink E, Binzenhöfer L, Adamo M, et al. Cardiogenic shock. Lancet. 2024; 404(10466): 2006–2020.

Lyne A, Ahmad S. Ashley P. Reducing the environmental impact of nitrous oxide in dentistry: a national quality improvement project. Br Dent J. 2026;240, 102–106.

Macías AA, Finneran JJ. Regional Anesthesia Techniques for Pain Management for Laparoscopic Surgery: a Review of the Current Literature. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022; 26: 33–42.

Mahmoud M, Mason KP. Dexmedetomidine: review, update, and future considerations of paediatric perioperative and periprocedural applications and limitations. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(2): 171–182.

Makaryus R, Miller TE and T. J. Gan TJ. Current concepts of fluid management in enhanced recovery pathways. Brit J of Anaesth. 2018; 120: 376–383.

Malamed SF. Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2015.

Malamed SF. Sedation: A Guide to Patient Management. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2022.

Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia, 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2013. p. 285–286.

Malamed, S. F. (2020). Handbook of local anesthesia. Elsevier. 2020; (7th ed.).

Manion SC, Brennan TJ: Thoracic epidural analgesia and acute pain management. Anesthesiology 2011;115: 181–188.

Markovič Božič J. Intravenski anestetiki. In: Mekiš D, ur. Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul Splošna anestezija 2: Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul Splošna anestezija 2: učbenik. UKC Maribor, Oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin. Maribor; 2022 [citirano 2025 Jul 28]. Available from: https://www.ukc-mb.si/strokovna-sre%C4%8Danja/zborniki

Martin C, Auboyer C, Boisson M, et al. Antibioprophylaxis in surgery and interventional medicine (adult patients). Update 2017. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2019;38(5): 549–562. doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2019.02.01

Martínez-Ortega AJ, et al. Perioperative Nutritional Support: A Review of Current Literature. Nutrients. 2022 Apr 12;14(8): 1601. doi: 10.3390/nu14081601.

Mathison M, Pepper T. Local Anesthesia Techniques in Dentistry and Oral Surgery. [Updated 2023 Jun 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580480/.

Maxwell MJ, Wilson MJA. Complications of blood transfusion. BJA Education. 2006; 6(6): 225-9.

McAnulty GR, Robertshaw HJ, Hall GM. Anaesthetic management of patients with diabetes mellitus. Br J Anaesth. 2020;85(1):80–90.

McCombe K, Bogod D. Regional anaesthesia: risk, consent and complications. Anaesthesia. 2021 Jan;76 Suppl 1:18–26.

McGoldrick KE, Gayer SI. Anesthesia for Ophthalmologic surgery. In: Barash PG et al. Barash Clinical Anesthesia. 8th ed. Lippincott Wolters. 2017; 1373–1399.

McGovern R. Premedication. Anaesth Intensive Care Med [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Aug 21]. Available from: https://www.anaesthesiajournal.co.uk/article/S1472-0299(24)00169-3/abstract

McGrenaghan E, Wilson M. Total intravenous anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care Med Internet. 2019 Feb;20(2): 130–135 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dosegljivo na: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1472029921002484.

McGrenaghan E, Wilson M. Total intravenous anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2019;20(2): 130–135 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dostopno na: https://anaesthetics.ukzn.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/TIVA-AICM-2019.pdf.

McNeill O, Kerridge RK, Boyle MJ. Review of procedures for investigation of anaesthesia-associated anaphylaxis in Newcastle, Australia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2008; 36: 201–207.

Mertes PM, Laxenaire MC. Adverse reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2004; 4(1): 7–16.

Migirov A, Patel P, Yusupov A. Antiemetic Antimuscarinics. [Updated 2024 Sep 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547671/.

Milivojević N, Epileptični status, Šola intenzivne medicine 2024: 4. letnik: intenzivno zdravljenje pri poškodbah, kritično bolan nevrološki pacient, transplantacija, etika in organizacija: učbenik. Ljubljana: Slovensko združenje za intenzivno medicino; Katedra za anesteziologijo in reanimatologijo, Medicinska fakulteta; 2024. 212 str.

Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher L, Wiener-Kronish JP, Young WL. Miller's Anesthesia: Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features and Print, 2-Volume Set. 10th Ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2024.

Modificirano po viru dosegljivem na: https://www.theinspirespy.com/understanding-facial-nerve-blocks/; citirano 14. 8. 2025.

Modificirano po viru dosegljivem na: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KedJhF8cYA; citirano 14. 8. 2025.

Moisset X. Neuropathic pain: Evidence based recommendations. Presse Med. 2024; 53(2): 104232.

Möller Petrun A, Markota A. Angiotensin II-Real-Life Use and Literature Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Sep 11;60(9):1483. doi: 10.3390/medicina60091483. PMID: 39336524; PMCID: PMC11433685.

Möller Petrun A, Mekiš D, Selinšek J, uredniki. Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine, Modul 7: Specialna anestezija 2; učbenik [internet]. 2. dopolnjena izdaja. Maribor, UKC Maribor; 2023. TCI – najprimernejša tehnika za očesne in nevrokirurške operacije; [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dosegljivo na: https://www.ukc-mb.si/strokovna-srecanja/zborniki.

Moller Petrun A. Indikacije za oskrbo dihalne poti in umetno predihavanje. In: Zdravković M, Stopar Pintarič T, Mekiš D, ur. Osnove oskrbe dihalne poti : učbenik. Del 1. 1. izd. Maribor: UKC, Oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin; Ljubljana: UKC, Klinični oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin; Ljubljana: Slovensko združenje za anesteziologijo in intenzivno medicino, 2023. p. 45–50.

Moller Petrun A. Lajšanje akutne pooperativne bolečine: vidik anesteziologa. In: Pirš K, Donik B (ur.). Bolečina : tiha epidemija sodobnega časa: 3. simpozij Društva medicinskih sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov Maribor : zbornik predavanj; 2019 Dec 6; Maribor, Slovenija. V Mariboru: Društvo medicinskih sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov; 2019. p. 104–115.

Moller Petrun A. Mehansko predihavanje. In: Mekiš D (ur.). Dihalna pot 2019. Maribor: Univerzitetni klinični center, 2019. p. 20–26.

Moller Petrun A. Paracetamol, metamizol in metoksifluran. V: Moller Petrun A (ur.), et al. Urgentna medicina. Modul 1, Analgezija v urgentni medicini : učbenik. 1. izd. Maribor: Univerzitetni klinični center: Medicinska fakulteta UM, 2024. Str. 37–44. ISBN 978-961-7196-27-6. Dostopno na: https://www.ukc-mb.si/strokovna-srecanja/zborniki.

Moller Petrun, A. Anestezija za klasične nevrokirurške posege in posege pri poškodbi glave = Anesthesia for classic neurosurgery and surgery for head trauma. In: Moller Petrun, A, ur., et al. Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul 7, Specialna anestezija 2: učbenik. 2. dopolnjena izd. Maribor: Univerzitetni klinični center, 2023. p. 85–96.

Moller Petrun, A. Vasoplegia and its treatment during and after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation - state of the art = Zdravljenje vazoplegije med in po operaciji srca z zunajtelesnim obtokom. V: Antonič M (ur.). 25. obletnica Oddelka za kardiokirurgijo Univerzitetnega kliničnega centra Maribor : inovacije in napredek v minimalno invazivni srčni kirurgiji : 9. junij 2023, Medicinska fakulteta, Glavni avditorij, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor = 25th Anniversary of Cardiac Surgey in the University Medical Centre Maribor : innovations and advancements in minimally invasive cardiac surgey : June 9th, 2023, Medical Faculty, Main Auditorium, Taborska 8, Maribor. Maribor: Univerzitetni klinični center, 2024. Str. 65–76, ilustr. ISBN 978-961-7196-29-0

Moller Petrun, Andreja, Papst, Lea. Perioperativna antibiotična profilaksa. V: Zdravković, Marko (ur.), Šoštarič, Maja (ur.). Strokovna srečanja Slovenskega združenja za anesteziologijo in intenzivno medicino 2021 : zbornik vabljenih predavanj. Maribor: UKC, Oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin; Ljubljana: Slovensko združenje za anesteziologijo in intenzivno medicino: UKC, Klinični oddelek za anesteziologijo in intenzivno terapijo, 2021. Str. 82–96. ISBN 978-961-6575-34-8

Moncel JB, Nardi N, Wodey E, Pouvreau A, Ecoffey C. Evaluation of the pediatric post anesthesia discharge scoring system in an ambulatory surgery unit. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015; 25(6): 636–641.

Monzani R, Alampi D, Bignami E, Cortegiani A, Giarratano A, Racca F, Sbaraglia F. National insights on malignant hyperthermia: a SIAARTI survey on clinical practices, preparedness, and future directions. J Anesth Analg Crit Care. 2025; 5(1): 85.

Moore PA, Cuddy MA, Cooke MR, Sokolowski CJ. Periodontal ligament and intraosseous anesthetic injection techniques: alternatives to mandibular nerve blocks. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011 Sep;142 Suppl 3: 13S-8S.

Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ, Larsen KD. Morgan and Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 7th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2022. p. 791–806.

Morgan GE. Clinical Anesthesiology. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013.

Morgan TJ, Venkatesh B. Monitoring oxygenation. In: Bersten AD, Soni N, Oh TE, eds. Oh`s intensive care manual. London: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2003. 95–111.

Murray H., Hodginson P., Hughes D., Remifentanil patient-controlled intravenous analgesia during labour: a retrospective observational study of 10 years` experiance. Int. J. Obstet. Anesth. 2019 Aug: 39: 29–34.

Nadrah, Kristina (2017). Antibiotična kirurška profilaksa. Farmacevtski vestnik, letnik 68, številka 1, str. 6–9.

Nair, S. et al. Paravertebral blocks and novel alternatives. BJA Education, Volume 20, Issue 5, 158–165.

Neef V, Tonn T, Meybohm P, Zacharowski K. Erythrozytenkonzentrate – Indikation, Aufklärung und Komplikationen [Red Blood Cell Transfusion – Indications, Informed Consent and Associated Risks]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2025 Jan;60(1): 14–24.

Nguyen NT, Wolfe BM. The physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum in the morbidly obese. Ann Surg. 2005; 24: 219–26.

NICE NG45. Routine preoperative tests for elective surgery. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2016.

Nimmagadda U, Salem MR, Crystal GJ. Preoxygenation: Physiologic Basis, Benefits, and Potential Risks. Anesth Analg. 2017;124(2): 507–17.

Nimmo AF, Absalom AR, Bagshaw O, Biswas A, Cook TM, Costello A, Grimes S, Mulvey D, Shinde S, Whitehouse T, Wiles MD. Guidelines for the safe practice of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA): Joint Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists and the Society for Intravenous Anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2019;74(2): 211–224 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dostopno na: https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.14428.

Novak Jankovič V, Stecher A. Standardni operativni postopki Kliničnega oddelka za anesteziologijo in intenzivno terapijo operativnih strok. 3. dopolnjena izdaja. Kirurška klinika. Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana; 2019. p. 186–191, 259–266.

Nysora.com [internet]; 2025 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dostopno na: https://www.nysora.com/anesthesia/total-intravenous-anesthesia-tiva/.

Ode K. Intravenous anaesthetic agents. Royal College of Anaesthetists. Elsevier; 2021 [citirano 2025 Jul 25]. Available from: https://anaesthetics.ukzn.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Induction-agents-AICM-2022.pdf

Oti C, Mahendran M, Sabir N. Anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery. Br J Hosp Med. 2016; 77: 24-8.

Palevsky PM. Periopertive management of patients with chronic Kidney disease or ESRD. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2004;18(1):129–44.

Palmer C. M., DÀngelo R., Paech M. J., Obstetric Anasthesia. Oxford university press. 2011. p. 31–79, 79–156, 199–242, 336–338.

Pandit JJ. Intravenous anaesthetic agents. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine. 4th Ed. Vol 11; 2011 [citirano 2025 Jul 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S147202991000322X

Pape HC, Lefering R, Butcher N, Peitzman A, Leenen L, Marzi I, et al. The definition of polytrauma revisited: An international consensus process and proposal of the new “Berlin definition.” J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 77(5): 780–6.

Pasternak JJ. Neuroanesthesiology Update: J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2020;32(2): 97–119.

Patel B, Patel H, Vachhrajani P, Shah D, Sarvaia A. Adaptive smith predictor controller for total intravenous anesthesia automation. Biomed Eng Lett. 2018 Dec 11;9(1): 127–144 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dosegljivo na: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30956886/.

Paul AK, Smith CM, Rahmatullah M, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, Spetea M, Gueven N, Dietis N. Opioid Analgesia and Opioid-Induced Adverse Effects: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Oct 27;14(11):1091. doi: 10.3390/ph14111091.

Peck TE, Harriss B, (eds). Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 5th Edition. Cambridge University Press; 2021.

Peter Slinger, ed. Principles and Practice of Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery, 2nd ed. Springer; 2019.

Petroianu GA, Aloum L, Adem A. Neuropathic pain: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023; 16; 11: 1072629.

Philipson TJ, et al. Impact of oral nutritional supplementation on hospital outcomes. Am J Manag Care. 2013 Feb;19(2): 121-8.

Plaud B, Baillard C, Bourgain JL, Bouroche G, Desplanque L et al. Guidelines on muscle relaxants and reversal in anaesthesia. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2020; 39(1): 125–142.

Pooperativno zdravljenje v prebujevalnici. In: Borovšak Z, ured. Standardni anesteziološki postopki. Maribor: Univerzitetni klinični center Maribor; 2012. p. 16–18.

Poredoš P. Anestezijski aparat in anestezijski dihalni sistem. V: NOVAK-JANKOVIČ, Vesna (ur.). Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul 1, Splošna anestezija 1 : e-učbenik. 4. dopolnjena izd. Ljubljana: Medicinski simulacijski center, Univerzitetni klinični center: Katedra za anesteziologijo in reanimatologijo, Medicinska fakulteta, 2025. Str. 59–75. https://www.szaim.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Modul1-zbornik-2025.pdf

Potočnik I. Hlapni anestetiki. V: Mekiš D (ur.). Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul 2, Splošna anestezija: [učbenik]. 2. dopolnjena izd. Maribor: Univerzitetni klinični center, 2024. Str. 9–16. ISBN 978-961-7196-69-6. https://www.ukc-mb.si/media/files/uploads/zborniki/Modul_2_ZBORNIK_2024_1.pdf.

Potočnik I. Obravnava pacienta v prebujevalnici (PACU). In: Novak-Jankovič V, Stecher A, ured. Standardni operativni postopki Kliničnega oddelka za anesteziologijo in intenzivno terapijo operativnih strok. Ljubljana: Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana; 2019. p. 406–407. (Acta Anaesthesiologica Emonica. Suppl 1).

Potočnik I. Obravnava pacienta v prebujevalnici (PACU). In: Standardni operativni postopki (SOP) v anesteziologiji, reanimatologiji in perioperativni intenzivni medicini. 2. dopolnjena izd. Ljubljana: Klinični oddelek za anesteziologijo in intenzivno terapijo operativnih strok, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana; 2015. p. 116–117.

Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology 2018;128: 437–479.

Preziosi BD, Hershkin AT, Seider PJ, Casey GM. Oral & Maxillofacial Regional Anesthesia. Nysora. New York. [Cited on 2025 Apr 30] Awailable from: https://www.nysora.com/techniques/head-and-neck-blocks/oral-maxillofacial-regional-anesthesia/.

Puledda F, Sacco S, Diener HC, et al. International Headache Society global practice recommendations for the acute pharmacological treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia. 2024; 44(8).

Puy H, Gouya L, Deybach JC. Porphyrias. Lancet. 2010; 375(9718): 924–37.

Rahimzadeh P, Faiz SHR, Imani F, et al. Anesthesia for patients with liver disease. Hepat Mon. 2014;14(7):e19881.

Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, Finnerup NB, Flor H, Gibson S, et al. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020; 161(9): 1976–1982.

Rauch S, Miller C, Bräuer A, Wallner B, Bock M, Paal P. Perioperative Hypothermia - A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(16): 8749.

Raval AD, Anupindi VR, Ferrufino CP, Arper DL, Bash LD, Brull SJ. Epidemiology and outcomes of residual neuromuscular blockade: A systematic review of observational studies. J Clin Anesth. 2020: 66: 109962.

Ravi Kiran BS, Kashyap VM, Uppada UK, Tiwari P, Mishra A, Sachdeva A. Comparison of Efficacy of Halstead, Vazirani Akinosi and Gow Gates Techniques for Mandibular Anesthesia. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2018 Dec;17(4): 570–575. doi: 10.1007/s12663-018-1092-5. Epub 2018 Feb 26. PMID: 30344402; PMCID: PMC6181866.

Reel B, Maani CV. Dexmedetomidine. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513303/

Renew JR, Ratzlaff R, Hernandez-Torres V, Brull SJ, Prielipp RC. Neuromuscular blockade management in the critically Ill patient. J Intensive Care. 2020; 8: 37.

Rigal JC, Blanloeil Y. Anaesthesia and porphyria. Minevra anestesiol. 2002; 68: 326-31.

Riley C, Andrzejowski J. Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. BJA Educ. 2018 Aug; 18(8): 227–233. doi: 10.1016/j.bjae.2018.05.003. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Riutort KT, Eisenkraft JB. The Anesthesia Workstation and Delivery Systems for Inhaled Anesthetics In. Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK. Clinical Anesthesia. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2017; 641–696.

Robinson M, Davidson A. Aspiration under anaesthesia: risk assessment and decision-making. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 2014; 14(4): 171–175.

Rodriguez G, Joseph SE. Anesthesia for laparoscopic and robotic surgery. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK et al. Clinical anesthesia, 8th ed. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2017; 1261–1276.

Rossaint R, Afshari A, Bouillon B, Cerny V, Cimpoesu D, Curry N, et al. The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: sixth edition. Crit Care 2023; 27(1).

Rossaint R, Afshari A, Bouillon B, et al. The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: sixth edition. Crit Care. 2023; 27(1): 80.

Rotovnik Kozjek N, et al. Terminologija klinične prehrane: Motnje prehranjenosti in s prehranjenostjo povezana stanja. ZdravVestn [Internet]. 2023 Oct. 31 [cited 2025 Jul. 4]; 92(9-10): 356–70. Available from: https://vestnik.szd.si/index.php/ZdravVest/article/view/3446.

Rotovnik Kozjek N, et al. Terminologija klinične prehrane: Načrt prehranskih ukrepov in organizacija prehranske oskrbe v zdravstvenih in negovalnih ustanovah. Zdrav Vestn. 2024; 93(1–2): 20–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.3443.

Rübsam ML, Kruse P, Dietzler Y, et al. A call for immediate climate action in anesthesiology: routine use of minimal or metabolic fresh gas flow reduces our ecological footprint. Appel à une action climatique immédiate en anesthésiologie : le recours systématique à un débit minimal ou métabolique de gaz frais réduit notre empreinte écologique. Can J Anaesth. 2023;70(3): 301–312.

Saiso K, Adnonla P, Munsil J, Apipan B, Rummasak D, Wongsirichat N. Complications associated with intravenous midazolam and fentanyl sedation in patients undergoing minor oral surgery. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2017; 17(3): 199–204.

Saito J, Masters J, Hirota K, Ma D. Anesthesia and brain tumor surgery: technical considerations based on current research evidence. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019;32(5): 553–562.

Sanuki T, Kishimoto N, Kuroda H, Kido K. Hypotension without skin symptoms at local anesthesia in dental treatment: anaphylaxis or vasovagal reaction? Anesthesia Progress. 2023; 70(2): 91–92.

Schaefer TS, Patel P, Zito PM. Antiemetic Histamine H1 Receptor Blockers. [Updated 2024 Mar 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK533003/.

Schwenk ES, Mariano ER. Designing the ideal perioperative pain management plan starts with multimodal analgesia. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2018 Oct;71(5): 345–352. doi: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00217. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Serpa Neto A, Schultz MJ, Slutsky AS. Current concepts of protective ventilation during general anaesthesia. Swiss Med Wkly. 2015;145: w14211.

Shaikh SI, Nagarekha D, Hegade G, Marutheesh M. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: A simple yet complex problem. Anesth Essays Res. 2016 Sep-Dec; 10(3): 388–396. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.179310.

Short A, Stevens K. Basic science relevant to practical paediatric anaesthesia. Update in anaesthesia 2015;30: 4–12.

Sisk, AL. Vasoconstrictors in local anesthesia for dentistry. Anesthesia Progress. 2024; 39(6), 187. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2148619/

Smetana GW, Lawrence VA, Cornell JE; American College of Physicians. Preoperative pulmonary risk stratification for non-cardiothoracic surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(8):581–95.

Smith HS, Cox LR, Smith BR. Dopamine receptor antagonists. Ann Palliat Med. 2012 Jul;1(2): 137–42. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-5820.2012.07.09. PMID: 25841474.

Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011; 28: 556–569.

Smith T, Pinnock C, Lin T, Jones R. Fundamentals of Anaesthesia. Cambridge University Press; 2009.

Smyth MA, van Goor S, Hansen CM, Fijačko N, Nakagawa NK, Raffay V, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Adult Basic Life Support. Resuscitation. 2025 Oct; 215 Suppl 1: 110771. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110771.

Soar J, Böttiger BW, Carli P, Jiménez FC, Cimpoesu D, Cole G, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Adult Advanced Life Support. Resuscitation. 2025 Oct; 215 Suppl 1: 110769. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110769.

Soliman N, Moisset X, Ferraro MC, de Andrade DC, Baron R, Belton, et al. NeuPSIG Review Update Study Group. Pharmacotherapy and non-invasive neuromodulation for neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2025; 24(5): 413–428.

Somchai A. Anesthetic management for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In: Somchai A. Endoscopy. InTech; 2013. Dosegljivo na:

Spindler Vesel A, Požar Lukanović N, Berger J, Vlahović D, Gradišek P, Novak-Janković V. Priporočila za perioperativno zdravljenje s tekočinami. Zdrav Vestn. 2015; 84: 505–27.

Spoerl D, Nigolian H, Czarnetzki C, Harr T. Reclassifying Anaphylaxis to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Based on the Presumed Patho-Mechanism: IgE-Mediated, Pharmacological Adverse Reaction or "Innate Hypersensitivity"? Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(6): 1223.

Srivastava A, Niranjan A. Secrets of safe laparoscopic surgery: Anaesthetic and surgical considerations. J Minim Access Surg. 2010; 6: 91–94.

Starkey ES, Sammons HM. Practical pharmacokinetics: what do you really need to know? Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2015;100(1): 37–43.

Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Linde M, MacGregor EA, Osipova V, et al. Aids to management of headache disorders in primary care (2nd edition): on behalf of the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache. J Headache Pain. 2019; 20(1): 57.

Steward DJ: Manual of Pediatric Anesthesia. Churchill Livingston. (5th Ed.)

Stoops S, Kovac A. New insights into the pathophysiology and risk factors for PONV. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Dec; 34(4): 667–679. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.06.001. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Strätling M, Schmucker P. 100 years of Draeger Medical Technology (1902–2002). Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2004; 39: S48-70.

Sury MRJ. Paedriatric sedation. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain 2004; 4(4): 118–22.

Swinney DC. Biochemical mechanisms of drug action: what does it take for success?. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004;3(9): 801–808.

Šafránková P, Bruthans J. Target-Controlled Infusion of Propofol: A Systematic Review of Recent Results. J Med Syst Internet. 2025;49:54 [citirano 2025 Avg 2]. Dosegljivo na: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-025-02187-y.

Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. 4. modul: »Splošna anestezija 3«. In: Wagner Kovačec J., Nujna stanja v porodništvu: učbenik. Maribor: Medicinska fakulteta, 2019. p. 61–68.

Šola intenzivne medicine 2025 : 1. letnik : fiziologija dihanja, mehanska ventilacija, fiziologija cirkulacije, zdravljenje hemodinamsko nestabilnih pacientov : učbenik. Ljubljana: Slovensko združenje za intenzivno medicino: Katedra za anesteziologijo in reanimatologijo, Medicinska fakulteta, 2025. ISBN 978-961-6373-58-6. [COBISS.SI-ID 257175555].

Šoštarič M, ur. Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul 6: Kardiotorakalna anestezija, učbenik. 2. dopolnjena izdaja. V Ljubljani; 2023.

Taghavi S, Nassar AK, Askari R. Hypovolemic Shock. 2023 Jun 5. In: StatPearls [Internet, cited on 2025 Mar 4]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025.

Tang C, Xia Z. Dexmedetomidine in perioperative acute pain management: a non-opioid adjuvant analgesic. J Pain Res. 2017 Aug 11;10: 1899–1904. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S139387.

Tao YB, Tang ZL, Lin ZL, Lei WP, Lu XL, et al. Effects of glycopyrrolate and atropine for oral secretions and perioperative hemodynamics in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Front Pharmacol. 2024 [citirano 2025, Avg 20]. Dostopno na: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11111986/.

Taylor BN, Patel P, Sauls RS. Cannabinoid Antiemetic Therapy. [Updated 2025 Aug 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535430/.

Teja B, Bosch NA, Diep C, et al. Complication Rates of Central Venous Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 May 1;184(5): 474–482.

Thadani H, Deacon A, Peters T. Diagnosis and management of porphyria. BMJ. 2000; 320(7250): 1647-51.

The Vortex Approach to Airway Management: http://www.vortexapproach.org (Dostopno: 15. 2. 2025)

Theriot J, Wermuth HR, Ashurst JV. Antiemetics, Selective 5-HT3 Antagonists. [Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513318/.

Thomas, E. et al. Delayed recovery of consciousness after general anaesthesia. BJA Education, 2020;(20)5: 173–179.

Thornhill, M., Prendergast, B., Dayer, M. et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis in at-risk patients: how should dentists proceed in 2024?. Br Dent J 236, 709–716 (2024).

Tobias JD. Sedation of infants and children outside of the operating room. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2015;28(4): 478-85.

Tobin JR, Grey Weaver R. A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children. In: Tobin JR, Grey Weaver R, Ophthalmology. 6th ed. Elsevier, 2019: 790–803.

Toledano RD, Van de Velde M. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Nysora. New York. [Cited on 2025 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.nysora.com/topics/abdomen/epidural-anesthesia-analgesia/.

Tom K, Aps J. Intraosseous Anesthesia as a Primary Technique for Local Anesthesia in Dentistry. Clin Res Infect Dis. 2015; 2(1): 1012.

Trentman TL et al, Faust’s Anesthesiology review. 6th ed. 2023.

Trevor AJ, Katzung BG, Kruidering-Hall MM, Masters SB. Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology Examination and Board Review, 10th ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 2013.

Twining J, Padula C. Pilot Testing the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment (CAPA) Measure. Pain Manag Nurs. 2019. pii: S1524-9042(18)30285-6.

Tzankova V, Becker WJ, Chan TLH. Pharmacologic prevention of migraine. CMAJ. 2023; 195(5): E187-E192.

Vaja R, Rana M. Drugs and the liver. Anaesth Intensive Care Med. 2020;21(10): 517–23.

van Loon FHJ, Buise MP, Claassen JJF, et al. Comparison of ultrasound guidance with palpation and direct visualisation for peripheral vein cannulation in adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2018 Aug;121(2): 358–366.

Van Wijk RM, Watts RW, Ledowski T in sod. Deep neuromuscular block reduces intra-abdominal pressure requirements during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015. [Epubahead of print].

Varughese S, Ahmed R. Environmental and Occupational Considerations of Anesthesia: A Narrative Review and Update. Anesth Analg. 2021;133(4): 826–835.

Veena Graff, MD; Taras Grosh, MD. Multimodal Analgesia and Alternatives to Opioids for Postoperative Analgesia, APSF Newsletter, 2018 Oct, p. 46–48 https://www.apsf.org/article/multimodal-analgesia-and-alternatives-to-opioids-for-postoperative-analgesia/

Veneva E and Belcheva A. Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients – a Review of Current and Alternative Methods, Devices and Techniques. Folia medica. 2018; 60: 381–388.

Vincent J-L, Annoni F. Vasopressor Therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(23): 7372. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237372

Vincent JL, De Backer D. Circulatory shock. N Engl J Med. 2014 Feb 06; 370(6): 583.

Vlahovič D, ed. Smernice za oživljanje 2010 Evropskega sveta za oživljanje. 1. izdaja. Ljubljana: Slovenski svet za reanimacijo, SZUM; 2010.

Vretzakis G, Bareka M, Aretha D, Karanikolas M. Regional anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery: a narrative review. J Anesth. 2014; 28: 429-46.

Wakita R, Aida J, Baba Y, et al. Transient bradycardia during local anesthesia to the oral cavity under intravenous sedation and its associated factors: a prospective study. BMC Oral Health. 2024; 24(1): 1165.

Waldschmidt B, Gordon N. Anesthesia for pediatric ophthalmologic surgery. J AAPOS. 2019; 23: 127–131.

Wang B, Rudnick S, Cengia B, Bonkovsky HL. Acute hepatic porphyrias: review and recent progress. Hepatol Commun. 2019; 3(2): 193–206.

Wang YH, Wang DR, Liu JY, Pan J. Local anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A review of current opinion. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(4): 1055–1065.

Watson S., Richardson A., Lucas N. Neuraxial and general anasthesia for caesarean section. Best practice & research Clinical Anaesthesiologz Volume 36 Issue 1. 2022. p. 53–68.

Weimann A, et al. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clin Nutr. 2021 Jul; 40(7): 4745–4761. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.031. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Weitz D, Ordinola-Zapata R, McClanahan SB, Shyne M, Law AS, Nixdorf DR; National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Collaborative Group. Preoperative Factors Associated with Anesthesia Failure for Patients Undergoing Nonsurgical Root Canal Therapy: A National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Study. J Endod. 2021 Dec;47(12): 1875–1882. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.005.

Westhorpe RN, Ludbrook GL, Helps SC. Crisis management during anaesthesia: bronchospasm. Qual Saf Health Care. 2005; 14(3): e7.

Wijeratne T, Wijeratne C, Korajkic N, Bird S, Sales C, Riederer F. Secondary headaches - red and green flags and their significance for diagnostics. eNeurologicalSci. 2023.30; 32: 100473.

Williams DGA, et al. The malnourished surgery patient: a silent epidemic in perioperative outcomes? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019 Jun; 32(3): 405–411. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000722.

Wilson WR, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, et al. Prevention of Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association [published correction appears in Circulation. 2021 Aug 31;144(9):e192]. Circulation. 2021;143(20):e963-e978.

Wilson-Baig N, Badminton M, Schulenburg-Brand D. Acute hepatic porhpyria and anaesthesia: a practical approach to prevention and management of acute neurovisceral attacks. BJA Education. 2021; 21(2): 66–74.

Wolfe JW, Butterworth JF: Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: update on mechanisms and treatment. Curr Opin Anesthesiol 2011;24: 561–566.

Wong T, Georgiadis PL, Urman RD, Tsai MH. Non-Operating Room Anesthesia: Patient Selection and Special Considerations. Local Reg Anesth. 2020;13: 1–9.

Wongyingsinn M, Pookprayoon V. Incidence and associated factors of perioperative hypothermia in adult patients at a university-based, tertiary care hospital in Thailand. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Apr 25; 23(1): 137.

Wright EF. Referred craniofacial pain patterns in patients with temporomandibular disorder. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000; 131(9): 1307-15.

Wynn-Hebden A, Bouch DC. Anaesthesia for the obese patient. BJA Education. 2020;20(11):388–95.

Young CC, Harris EM, Vacchiano C, Bodnar S, Bukowy B, Elliott RRD, u. a. Lung-protective ventilation for the surgical patient: international expert panel-based consensus recommendations. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123(6): 898–913.

Yu Y, Gong Y, Hu B, Ouyang B, Pan A, Liu J, et al. Expert consensus on blood pressure management in critically ill patients. J Intensive Med. 2023;3(3): 185–203.

Zacharowski K, Meybohm P, Neef V, Mehic D, Choorapoikayil S: Patient Blood Management: Ein Schlüssel für ein nachhaltigeres Gesundheitssystem. Anästh Intensivmed. 2025;66: 205–209.

Zakon o pacientovih pravicah, Uradni list RS, št. 15/2008.

Zanza C, Piccolella F, Racca F, Romenskaya T, Longhitano Y, Franceschi F, et al. Ketamine in Acute Brain Injury: Current Opinion Following Cerebral Circulation and Electrical Activity. Healthcare. Basel; 2022 [citirano 2025 Jul 28]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8949520/#sec4-healthcare-10-00566

Zdravkovic M, Berger-Estilita J, Sorbello M, Hagberg CA. An international survey about rapid sequence intubation of 10,003 anaesthetists and 16 airway experts. Anaesthesia. 2020;75(3): 313–22.

Zdravković M, Stopar Pintarič T, Mekiš D (uredniki). Osnove oskrbe dihalne poti : učbenik. Del 1. 1. izd. Maribor: UKC, Oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin; Ljubljana: UKC, Klinični oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin; Ljubljana: Slovensko združenje za anesteziologijo in intenzivno medicino, 2023.

Zdravković M. Gradišek P. Moller Petrun A, ur. Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul 3, Temeljni in dodatni postopki oživljanja otrok in odraslih: učbenik 2. dopolnjena izd. Maribor: UKC, Oddelek za anesteziologijo, intenzivno terapijo in terapijo bolečin, Medicinska fakulteta UM; 2022. p. 3–42.

Zdravković M. Pojasnilna dolžnost in privolitev pacienta v anesteziološko, algološko ter intenzivistično oskrbo. V: NOVAK-JANKOVIČ, Vesna (ur.). Šola anesteziologije, reanimatologije in perioperativne intenzivne medicine. Modul 1, Splošna anestezija I : e-učbenik. 4. dopolnjena izd. Ljubljana: Medicinski simulacijski center, Univerzitetni klinični center: Katedra za anesteziologijo in reanimatologijo, Medicinska fakulteta, 2025. Str. 30–38. https://www.szaim.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Modul1-zbornik-2025.pdf.

Zdravniška zbornica Slovenije. Nujna medicinska stanja v zobozdravstveni ordinaciji. Priročnik za zobozdravnike, Ljubljana; 2018.

Zecic F, Smart MH, Abbey TC, Pazhempallil A, Korban C. Sugammadex-induced anaphylactic reaction: A systematic review. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2022; 38(3): 360–370.

Zhang X-X, Zhang N-X, Liu D-X, Ding J, Zhang Y-N, Zhu Z-Q. Research advances in the clinical application of esketamine. ibrain. 2022; 8: 55–67. doi:10.1002/ibra.12019.

Zweigner J et al. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Systematic review and evidence-based guidance on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Stockholm: ECDC; 2013.

Downloads

Hardback (in print)
Sample pages

Published

October 12, 2026

Categories

Copyright (c) 2026 University of Maribor, University of Maribor Press

Details about the available publication format: Hardback (in print)

Hardback (in print)

THEMA Subject Codes (93)

MKAL

ISBN-13 (15)

978-961-299-206-4

COBISS.SI ID (00)

294201859

CIP date (35)

2026-10-09

Date of first publication in original language (20)

2026-10-12

Physical Dimensions

16.5cm x 23.5cm x 4,5cm

How to Cite

Mekiš, D., & Zdravković, M. (Eds.). (2026). Anesteziologija: Učbenik za študente dentalne medicine. University of Maribor Press. https://doi.org/10.18690/um.mf.5.2026