Longevity as a Real Option: Valuing Flexibility in Life-Cycle Financial Decisions
Kratka vsebina
Increasing longevity fundamentally reshapes individual life-cycle decisions by extending planning horizons while simultaneously amplifying uncertainty related to health, income, and employment trajectories. This paper argues that longevity can be conceptualized as a real option that enhances the value of flexibility in long-term personal and financial decision-making. Building on the real options framework, we interpret key life-cycle choices as sequential decisions under uncertainty with embedded options to wait, expand, switch, or abandon. Longer expected lifespans increase the payoff horizon of these options, thereby raising their economic value and altering optimal timing strategies. We demonstrate how rising longevity intensifies the option value of deferred irreversible commitments, particularly in decisions involving substantial sunk costs and long-term payoffs. Drawing parallels with existing applications of real options in fertility and divorce decisions, we extend the framework to longevity-related investments such as preventive healthcare, lifelong learning, and phased retirement. Our contribution lies in reframing longevity not merely as a demographic or actuarial phenomenon, but as a source of economic flexibility that can be priced using financial option theory. The paper opens new avenues for interdisciplinary research connecting financial economics, health economics, and behavioural life-cycle theory, with policy implications for pension systems, labour markets, and individual financial planning in ageing societies.
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- Ekonomija
- Logistika
- Matematika
- Podjetništvo
- Poslovne vede
- Računalništvo in informatika
- Sociologija
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- 2026
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- Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za organizacijske vede
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