Media Literacy Curriculum for Athletes: Teaching Materials

Adria Digital Media Observatory. (2026, February 25). What is ADMO? https://admohub.eu/en/

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Mind over misinformation. https://digital.apa.org/misinformation-effect

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Misinformation and disinformation. https://www.apa.org/topics/journalism-facts/misinformation-disinformation

Austin, J. (2017, January 25). Usain Bolt stripped of 2008 Olympic medal after anti-doping rule violation. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/athletics/usain-bolt-stripped-of-2008-olympic-medal-after-antidoping-rule-violation-a7545636.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Babson College, Horn Library. (2026, January 15). Evaluating Sources Guide: Techniques. https://libguides.babson.edu/evaluatingsources/techniques

Barry University. (2012, May 5). Shaquille O’Neal graduates from Barry University with doctoral degree in Education. Barry University News. https://my.barry.edu/news/article.html?id=21082

Brock University Library. (2021). Evaluating sources with RADAR [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlFWx4pBKx8

Brown, E. (2025, December 30). Misinformation & fake news: Getting started. Central Washington University Libraries. https://libguides.lib.cwu.edu/c.php?g=625394&p=4360255

Cambridge University Press. (n.d.). Bias. In Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved June 5, 2026, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bias

CambriLearn. (2024, August 19). Types of reading skills and their purpose. https://cambrilearn.com/blog/types-of-reading-skills

Cockburn, H. (2018, October 2). US basketball star apologises for spreading flat-Earth conspiracy theory. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/kyrie-irving-flat-earth-theory-basketball-nba-boston-celtics-conspiracy-theories-a8564476.html

College of Staten Island Library. (2026, January 14). Misinformation and disinformation: Thinking critically about information sources: Video: How to spot fake news. https://library.csi.cuny.edu/misinformation/spot-fake-news-video

De Paor, S., & Heravi, B. (2020). Information literacy and fake news: How the field of librarianship can help combat the epidemic of fake news. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46(5), 102218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102218

Desai, S., & Oehrli, J. A. (2026, April 27). "Fake news," lies, and misinformation. University of Michigan Library. https://guides.lib.umich.edu/fakenews

Dimov, P. (2021). Recognition of fake news in sports. Strategies for Policy in Science and Education, 29(4s), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.53656/str2021-4s-2-fake

Eckert, S. & Hornung, P. (2018, July 23). Exclusiv im Ersten: Fake Science – Die Lügenmacher [Video]. ARD. https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/dokumentation-und-reportage/exclusiv-im-ersten-fake-science-die-luegenmacher-engl-ut/das-erste/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL3JlcG9ydGFnZSBfIGRva3VtZW50YXRpb24gaW0gZXJzdGVuL2U1ODIzNWJkLWU2MzQtNDExNC05ZjgwLTNlMDQ0YTJmZWExMw

European Commission. (2026, March 12). Cooperating with fact-checkers, civil society, media and academia. https://commission.europa.eu/topics/countering-information-manipulation/cooperating-fact-checkers-civil-society-media-and-academia_en

European Parliament. (n.d.). How to spot disinformation: The tactics used to trick you [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHQxK2YVsFVtlgDH2_lliyTMfPyZ3Q03N

Facing History & Ourselves. (2016, May 8). Defining confirmation bias [Video]. https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/defining-confirmation-bias

False posts about ‘new Argentinian banknote featuring Messi’ spread worldwide. (2022, December 28). AFP Fact Check. https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33664AA

Goldhamer, M. (2025, August 19). AI image falsely claimed to show European leaders outside Oval Office. AFP Fact Check. https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.69VD6G3

IFLA. (2017). How to spot fake news [Infographic]. https://repository.ifla.org/rest/api/core/bitstreams/448409bb-9e2e-4b7b-9ed7-22f5feaafeb5/content

Laaninen, T. (2025, May). Media literacy: Fostering a key civic skill in a digital information environment. European Parliament Research Service. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2025/772886/EPRS_BRI(2025)772886_EN.pdf

Loyola Marymount University, William H. Hannon Library. (2024, July 19). Evaluating sources: Using the RADAR framework. https://libguides.lmu.edu/aboutRADAR

Marcus Rashford. (2026, May 19). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Rashford&oldid=20260519

Olimpijski komite Slovenije. (n.d.). Športajmo in berimo. https://www.olympic.si/sportniki/sportajmo-in-berimo

Pachal, P. (2016, November 17). How to improve your Facebook feed, so we see the next Trump coming. Mashable. https://mashable.com/article/avoid-facebook-filter-bubble

Paris, T., Kim, H., Torres, B., Ocampa, K., Janeway, K., & Zimmerman, L. (2017). Rapid genetic and developmental morphological change following extreme celerity. Austin Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 5(3), 1099. https://st3powers.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/fulltext_ajpt-v5-id1099.pdf

Pariser, E. (2011). Beware online "filter bubbles" [Video]. TED‑Ed. https://ed.ted.com/lessons/beware-online-filter-bubbles-eli-pariser

Pfleegor, A. (2010). Deception in sport: A conceptual and ethical analysis [Master’s thesis, Brock University]. Brock Digital Repository. http://hdl.handle.net/10464/3136

Polger, M. A. [Mark Aaron Polger Information Literacy Videos]. (2020, March 27). Evaluating web cites using the C.R.A.A.P. test [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SRgOAwbRtc

Revez, J., & Corujo, L. (2021). Librarians against fake news: A systematic literature review of library practices (Jan. 2018–Sept. 2020). The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(2), 102304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102304

Sailors, P. R., Teetzel, S., & Weaving, C. (2017). Cheating, lying, and trying in recreational sport and leisure practices. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(5), 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1284009

Sugden, J., & Tomlinson, A. (2017). Football, corruption and lies: Revisiting ‘Badfellas ‘, the book FIFA tried to ban. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315545615

Sullivan, M. C. (2019). Libraries and fake news: What’s the problem? What’s the plan? Communications in Information Literacy, 13(1), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2019.13.1.7

Tavlin, N. (2015, August 27). How false news can spread [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSKGa_7XJkg

Tenbarge, K. (2024, September 13). The AI-generated Taylor Swift endorsement Trump shared was originally a pro-Biden Facebook meme. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/ai-taylor-swift-endorsement-trump-shared-was-originally-biden-meme-rcna170945

The Food Foundation. (n.d.). #EndChildFoodPoverty campaign. https://foodfoundation.org.uk/initiatives/endchildfoodpoverty-campaign

UEFA. (n.d.). Take Care. https://www.uefa.com/takecare/

UNESCO. (2025). Media and information literacy. https://www.unesco.org/en/media-information-literacy

UNICEF. (2025, February 10). A quick guide to spotting misinformation: Tips for fact-checking, staying informed and talking it out. https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/quick-guide-spotting-misinformation

Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S., & Punie, Y. (2022). DigComp 2.2, The digital competence framework for citizens: With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/115376

Walters, J. (2021, December 3). How do you develop a reading habit at home? Independent Book Review. https://independentbookreview.com/2021/12/03/how-do-you-develop-a-reading-habit-at-home/

Young, J. C., Boyd, B., Yefimova, K., Wedlake, S., Coward, C., & Hapel, R. (2021). The role of libraries in misinformation programming: A research agenda. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 53(4), 539–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000620966650