Podjetništvo med potencialom in razvojnimi ambicijami: GEM Slovenija 2025

Avtorji

Karin Širec
Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4191-5170
Polona Tominc
Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-2316
Barbara Bradač Hojnik
Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-9088
Matej Rus
Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Katja Crnogaj
Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-3977
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.4.2026

Ključne besede:

Globalni podjetniški monitor, podjetništvo, celotna zgodnja podjetniška aktivnost, gospodarski razvoj, podjetniški ekosistem, podjetniška politika, trajnostno poslovanje, digitalizacija, umetna inteligenca

Kratka vsebina

Raziskava GEM ponuja poglobljeno analizo različnih družbenih, kulturnih, političnih in ekonomskih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na podjetniško okolje in podjetniško aktivnost, ter predstavlja celovit okvir za razumevanje nacionalnih podjetniških razmer. Ti dejavniki imajo ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju podjetniških ambicij posameznikov in uspešnosti ustanavljanja ter delovanja podjetij. Raziskava s tem zagotavlja neprimerljiv vpogled v nacionalno podjetništvo in njegove značilnosti ter presega informacije, ki so na voljo v drugih statističnih virih. Raziskava namreč vključuje tudi odnos posameznikov in družbe do podjetništva ter želje in usposobljenost ljudi za podjetništvo, v vseh fazah podjetniškega procesa. S proučevanjem teh vidikov v različnih državah, GEM ugotavlja ključna gonila in ovire za podjetništvo, kar omogoča razvoj uspešnega podpornega ekosistema. Tokratna izdaja Tokratna izdaja izpostavlja razkorake med podjetniškim potencialom, kakovostjo podjetniške aktivnosti in učinkovitostjo ekosistema pri podpori prehodov v rastno in inovacijsko podjetništvo.

Prenosi

Podatki o prenosih še niso na voljo.

Biografije avtorja

Karin Širec, Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta

Dr. Karin Širec je redna profesorica za področje podjetništva na Ekonomsko-poslovni fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru in predstojnica Katedre za podjetništvo in ekonomiko poslovanja. V raziskovalni skupini Inštituta za podjetništvo in management malih podjetij sodeluje pri dveh longitudinalnih raziskavah, Slovenskem podjetniškem observatoriju in Globalnem podjetniškem monitorju, katerega vodja je od leta 2022. Poleg tega je slovenska predstavnica mednarodne raziskovalne skupine DIANA, ki se posveča ženskemu podjetništvu in članica raziskovalnega programa Podjetništvo za inovativno družbo. Je ekspertna svetovalka OECD za vključujoče podjetništvo in strokovnjakinja za področje visokega šolstva pri Nacionalni agenciji za kakovost v visokem šolstvu RS, NAKVIS. Preden se je zaposlila na univerzi, je delala v gospodarstvu.

Maribor, Slovenija. E-pošta: karin.sirec@um.si

Polona Tominc, Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta

Dr. Polona Tominc je redna profesorica za področje kvantitativnih metod v poslovnih vedah in dekanica na Ekonomsko-poslovni fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru. V raziskovalni skupini Inštituta za podjetništvo in management malih podjetij sodeluje pri raziskavi Globalni podjetniški monitor, je članica mednarodne raziskovalne skupine za raziskovanje ženskega podjetništva DIANA in vodja raziskovalnega programa Podjetništvo za inovativno družbo na Ekonomsko-poslovni fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru. Njeno raziskovanje je usmerjeno v kvantitativno metodološko podporo na področju podjetništva, managementa, enakosti spolov ter v področje raziskovanja in zagotavljanja kakovosti visokega šolstva in visokošolskega poučevanja. Je strokovnjakinja za področje visokega šolstva pri Nacionalni agenciji za kakovost v visokem šolstvu RS, NAKVIS. Sodelovala je na številnih znanstvenih in strokovnih tujih in domačih konferencah, je avtorica ali soavtorica znanstvenih monografij ter poglavij v znanstvenih monografijah, ki so izšle pri mednarodnih in nacionalnih založbah ter znanstvenih in strokovnih člankov, objavljenih v uveljavljenih tujih in domačih znanstvenih revijah.

Maribor, Slovenija. E-pošta: polona.tominc@um.si

Barbara Bradač Hojnik, Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta

Barbara Bradač Hojnik je redna profesorica za podjetništvo na Ekonomsko-poslovni fakulteti UM. Sodelovala je v številnih domačih in mednarodnih raziskovalnih projektih. Je vodja projekta Slovenski podjetniški observatorij ter članica projektnega tima Globalni podjetniški monitor Slovenija in longitudinalnega raziskovalnega programa Podjetništvo za inovativno družbo. Je ekspertka v projektu SME Performance Review za Slovenijo v letu 2021 in 2022 ter v projektu Statistics through Eastern partnership za Evropsko komisijo. Njena glavna raziskovalna področja so startup, trajnostno, digitalno, korporacijsko in mednarodno podjetništvo. Je avtorica ali soavtorica več znanstvenih člankov, znanstvenih monografij, poglavij v znanstvenih monografijah in prispevkov na mednarodnih znanstvenih konferencah.

Maribor, Slovenija. E-pošta: barbara.bradac@um.si

Matej Rus, Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta

Mag. Matej Rus je visokošolski predavatelj za podjetništvo. Svoje moči usmerja v pedagoško in raziskovalno kariero, ki jo je začel leta 1996 na Ekonomsko-poslovni fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru, ter v svetovalno dejavnost v podjetniški praksi, kjer svetuje podjetnikov pri gradnji startup podjetij ter uveljavljenim podjetjem pri spodbujanju inovacijske dejavnosti. Leta 2001 je soustanovil Tovarno podjemov, ki je eden ključnih elementov podpornega okolja za podjetništvo Univerze v Mariboru. Uspešne podjetniške, raziskovalne in svetovalne izkušnje prenaša v pedagoško delo in tako prispeva k dvigu uporabne vrednosti med študijem pridobljenih znanj. Kot direktor Tovarne podjemov uresničuje začrtano vizijo danes zelo uspešno delujočega podjetniškega inkubatorja Univerze v Mariboru. Tovarna podjemov pa ni samo univerzitetni inkubator temveč tudi nosilec nacionalne platforme Start:up Slovenija in organizator mednarodne podjetniške konference PODIM. Je tudi vodja podpornega okolja INNOVUM v okviru vzpostavljenega konzorcija Univerze v Mariboru, predstavnik Slovenije v ESNA - The European Startup Nations Alliance in ambasador Startup Europe v Sloveniji.

Maribor, Slovenija. E-pošta: matej.rus@um.si

Katja Crnogaj, Univerza v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta

Dr. Katja Crnogaj je izredna profesorica za področje podjetništva na Ekonomsko-poslovni fakulteti UM, kjer sodeluje v pedagoškem procesu dodiplomskih in podiplomskih študijskih programov. Je predstojnica univerzitetne študijske usmeritve Podjetništvo, članica fakultetne komisije za študijske zadeve in članica Sveta interdisciplinarnega študijskega programa Gospodarsko inženirstvo. Kot raziskovalka Inštituta za podjetništvo in management malih podjetij je članica mednarodnega raziskovalnega tima Globalni podjetniški monitor - GEM in Slovenski podjetniški observatorij ter že več let aktivno sodeluje v longitudinalnem raziskovalnem programu »Podjetništvo za inovativno družbo«. Deluje kot ekspertna svetovalka pri OECD v okviru projekta Vključujoče podjetništvo.

Maribor, Slovenija. E-pošta: katja.crnogaj@um.si

Literatura

1. Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D., Lehmann, E. E., Licht, G. (2016). National systems of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 46(4), 527–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9705-1

2. Ahl, H., Nelson, T. (2015). How policy positions women entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis of state discourse in Sweden and the United States. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(2), 273–291. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.08.002

3. Alvarez-Vargas, C., Capelleras, J. L., Martin-Sanchez, V. (2025). Entrepreneurial experience and growth aspirations: The moderating role of national research & development expenditure. R&D Management, 56(2), 278-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.70019

4. Amorós, J. E., Bosma, N., Levie, J. (2013). Ten years of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Accomplishments and prospects. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 5(2), 120–152. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2013.053591

5. Anderson, C., Hildreth, J. A. D., Howland, L. (2015). Is the desire for status a fundamental human motive?A review of the empirical literature. Psychological Bulletin, 141(3), 574. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038781

6. Arenius, P., Minniti, M. (2005). Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24, 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1984-x

7. Audretsch, D., Belitski, M., Chowdhury, F., Desai, S. (2022). Necessity or opportunity? Government size, tax policy, corruption, and implications for entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 58(4), 2025-2042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00497-2

8. Audretsch, D., Belitski, M., Fiedler, A. (2025a). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and innovation: Taking stock and new directions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1-24. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10961-025-10215-9

9. Audretsch, D., Aronica, M., Belitski, M., Caddemi, D., Piacentino, D. (2025b). The impact of government financial aid and digital tools on firm survival during the COVID-19 pandemic. Small Business Economics, 65(2), 813–836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-025-01014-5

10. Audretsch, D., Belitski, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: Establishing the framework conditions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(5), 1030–1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9473-8

11. Bahrami, H., Evans, S. (1995). Flexible Recycling and High Technology Entrepreneurship. California Management Review, 37(3), 62-89. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165

12. Batz Liñeiro, A., Romero Ochoa, J. A., Montes de la Barrera, J. (2024). Exploring entrepreneurial intentions and motivations: A comparative analysis of opportunity-driven and necessity-driven entrepreneurs. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(1),11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00366-8

13. Baumöhl, E., Kočenda, E. (2022). How firms survive in European emerging markets: a survey. Eastern European Economics, 60(5), 393-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2022.2099422

14. Bejjani, M., Göcke, L., Menter, M. (2023). Digital entrepreneurial ecosystems: A systematic literature review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122372

15. Bird, B. (2019). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial competency. V: Seminal ideas for the next twenty-five years of advances (Vol. 21, pp. 115-131). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/s1074-754020190000021011

16. Bisztray, M., De Nicola, F., Muraközy, B. (2023). High-growth firms’ contribution to aggregate productivity growth. Small Business Economics, 60(2), 771-811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00614-9

17. Bort, J., Totterman, H. (2023). The growth aspirations of underdog entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Research, 165, 114055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114055

18. Bosma, N., Hill, S., Ionescu-Somers, A., Kelley, D., Levie, J., Tarnawa, A. (2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2019/2020 Global Report. Pridobljeno s https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-2019-2020- global-report

19. Brey, B., van der Marel, E. (2024). The role of human-capital in artificial intelligence adoption. Economics Letters, 244, 111949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111949

20. Brownell, K. M., Hechavarria, D. M., Robb, C. C., Kickul, J. (2025). Culture and social entrepreneurship: The role of value-practice misalignment. Small Business Economics, 64, 863-887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-024-00938-8

21. Brynjolfsson, E., Li, D., Raymond, L. (2025). Generative AI at work. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 140(2), 889-942. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjae044

22. Burke, A., Lyalkov, S., Millán, A., Millán, J. M., van Stel, A. (2021). How do country R&D change the allocation of self-employment across different types? Small Business Economics, 56, 695–721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00196-z

23. Cacciotti, G., Hayton, J. C. (2015). Fear and Entrepreneurship: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(2), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12052

24. Cai, Z., Parker, S. K., Chen, Z., Lam, W. (2019). How does the social context fuel the proactive fire? A multilevel review and theoretical synthesis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(2), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1002/ job.2347

25. Caires, F. B., Reis, H., Rodrigues, P. M. M. (2023). Survival of the fittest: Tourism exposure and firm survival. Applied Economics, 55(60), 7150–7177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2023.2208858

26. Caliendo, M., Kritikos, A. S., Stier, C. (2023). The influence of start-up motivation on entrepreneurial performance. Small Business Economics, 61(1), 869–889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00722-6

27. Calvino, F., Costa, C., Manaresi, F., Scholl, N. (2025). Young firms, job quality and inclusiveness. OECD Publishing, Paris. Pridobljeno s https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/young-firms-job-quality-and-inclusiveness_a6bb0f3a-en.html

28. Capelleras, J. L., Martin-Sanchez, V., Zhang, C. (2025). Does social desirability of entrepreneurship matter for early-stage entrepreneurs’ internationalization? The moderating role of economic freedom. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 28(1), 122-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/23409444221144462

29. Capurro, R., Fiorentino, R., Garzella, S., Giudici, A. (2022). Big data analytics in innovation processes: Which forms of dynamic capabilities should be developed and how to embrace digitization? European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(6), 273-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-05-2021-0256

30. Cefis, E., Bettinelli, C., Coad, A., Marsili, O. (2022). Understanding firm exit: A systematic literature review. Small Business Economics, 59(2), 423-446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00480-x

31. Chatradhi, N. (2024). Empowering ambitions: The role of public policy in nurturing female entrepreneurial aspirations. Journal of Social Policy, Social Change and Development, 2(2), 23-38. Pridobljeno s https://so10. tci-thaijo.org/index.php/journalspsd/article/view/1473

32. Chatterjee, S., Mariani, M., Ferraris, A. (2024). Digitalization of supply chain and its impact on cost, firm performance, and resilience: Technology turbulence and top management commitment as moderator. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 10469-10484. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2023.3297251

33. Cockburn, I. M., Henderson, R., Stern, S. (2018). The impact of artificial intelligence on innovation (NBER Working Paper No. 24449). National Bureau of Economic Research. Pridobljeno s https://www.nber.org/papers/w24449

34. Cooper, R. G. (2025). SMEs' use of AI for new product development: Adoption rates by application and readiness-to-adopt. Industrial Marketing Management, 126, 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman. 2025.01.016

35. Costa, J., Chim-Miki, A. F., da Costa, R. A. (2025). Innovation-based coopetition taxonomy for knowledge intensive business services. The Service Industries Journal, 45(13-14), 1275-1301. https://doi.org/10.1080/02 642069.2024.2430183

36. Crecente-Romero, F., Giménez-Baldazo, M., Rivera-Galicia, L. F. (2016). Subjective perception of entrepreneurship. Differences among countries. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5158-5162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.097

37. Crotti, R., Potter, J., Shah, P., Stam, E. (2025). Data and methods for entrepreneurial ecosystem diagnostics (OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Paper No. 96), OECD Publishing, Paris. Pridobljeno s https://www.oecd. org/en/publications/data-and-methods-for-entrepreneurial-ecosystem-diagnostics_5173f4a2-en.html

38. Cuandra, F., Angesty, V., Putra, E. Y., Lady, L. (2025). Impact of Internet Marketing Capabilities, Orientations, Uncertainty, and Innovation on International Performance. Jurnal Bisnis: Teori dan Implementasi, 16(1), 16-33. https://doi.org/10.18196/jbti.v16i1.24990

39. Davidsson, P. (2015). Entrepreneurial opportunities and the entrepreneurship nexus: A re-conceptualization. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), 674-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.01.002

40. Davidsson, P., Delmar, F., Wiklund, J. (2006). Entrepreneurship and the growth of firms. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781009949

41. DeTienne, D. R. (2010). Entrepreneurial exit as a critical component of the entrepreneurial process: Theoretical development. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.05.004

42. DeTienne, D. R., Wennberg, K. (2016). Studying exit from entrepreneurship: New directions and insights. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 34(2), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0266242615601202

43. Dinu, E., Vătămănescu, E. M., Stăneiu, R. M., Rusu, M. (2023). An exploratory study linking intellectual capital and technology management towards innovative performance in KIBS. Sustainability, 15(2), 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021356

44. Doloreux, D., Shearmur, R., Kristensen, I. (2023). KIBS as knowledge sources for innovation in rural regions. Journal of Rural Studies, 99, 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.02.011

45. Duong, C. D., Vu, N. X. (2024), Entrepreneurial education and intention: fear of failure, self-efficacy and gender. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 31(4), 629–654. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2023-005

46. Durrani, N., Raziq, A., Mahmood, T., Khan, M. R. (2024). Barriers to adaptation of environmental sustainability in SMEs: A qualitative study. PLOS ONE, 19(5), e0298580. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298580

47. Eide, A. E., Moen, Ø., Madsen, T. K., Azari, M. J. (2021). Growth aspirations in SMEs: Managerial determinants and organizational outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28(4), 640-665. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-09-2020-0332

48. Elam, A., Hughes, K. D., Samsami, M., Boutaleb, F., Guerrero, M., Meyer, N., Alshukaili, A. M., Guelich, U.(2023). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2022/23 Women’s Entrepreneurship Report. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. Pridobljeno s https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20222023-womens- entrepreneurship-challenging-bias-and-stereotypes-2

49. Elia, G., Margherita, A., Passiante, G. (2020). Digital entrepreneurship ecosystem: How digital technologies and collective intelligence are reshaping the entrepreneurial process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150, 119791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119791

50. Emami, A., Heydari, O., Vakili, Y. (2025). What are the mindsets about them? Cognitive constructions of productive, unproductive and destructive entrepreneurs. V: Destructive Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: Causes and Consequences (pp. 225-252). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-981-96-0112-7_13

51. Epure, M., Martin-Sanchez, V., Aparicio, S., Urbano, D. (2023). Human capital, institutions, and ambitious entrepreneurship during good times and two crises. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 18(2), 414–447. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1492

52. Estrin, S., Guerrero, M., Mickiewicz, T. (2024). A framework for investigating new firm entry: The (limited) overlap between informal–formal and necessity–opportunity entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 39(4), 106404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2024.106404

53. Estrin, S., Korosteleva, J., Mickiewicz, T. (2022). Schumpeterian entry: Innovation, exporting, and growth aspirations of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 46(2), 269–296. https://doi. org/10.1177/1042258720909771

54. Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., Stephan, U. (2013). Entrepreneurship, social capital, and institutions: Social and commercial entrepreneurship across nations. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(3), 479–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12019

55. Eurofound, Cedefop. (2025). SME digitalisation in the EU: Trends, policies and impacts. Publications Office of the European Union. Pridobljeno s https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/all/sme-digitalisation-eu-trends-policies-and-impacts

56. European Commission. (2020a). White paper on artificial intelligence: A European approach to excellence and trust. European Commission, Brussels. Pridobljeno s https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ac957f13-53c6-11ea-aece-01aa75ed71a1

57. European Commission. (2020b). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: An SME strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe. European Commission, Brussels. Pridobljeno s https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0103

58. European Commission. (2024a). AI Act enters into force. Pridobljeno s https://commission.europa.eu/news-and-media/news/ai-act-enters-force-2024-08-01_en

59. European Commission. (2024b). AI innovation package. Pridobljeno s https://digital-strategy.ec.europa. eu/en/factpages/ai-innovation-package

60. European Commission. (2025a). State of the Digital Decade 2025 report. European Commission, Brussels. Pridobljeno s https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/state-digital-decade-2025-report

61. European Commission. (2025b). Slovenia 2025 Digital Decade Country Report. European Commission, Brussels. Pridobljeno s https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/factpages/slovenia-2025-digital-decade- country-report

62. Eurostat. (2025a). Digitalisation in Europe – 2025 edition. Pridobljeno s https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/interactive-publications/digitalisation-2025

63. Eurostat. (2025b). 20% of EU enterprises use AI technologies. Pridobljeno s https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20251211-2

64. Evans, D. S., Jovanovic, B. (1989). An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints. Journal of Political Economy, 97(4), 808–827. https://doi.org/10.1086/261629

65. Ferreira, J. J. M., Fernandes, C. I., Veiga, P. M. (2023). The role of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the SME internationalization. Journal of Business Research, 157, 113603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113603

66. Figueiredo, M., Ferreira, J. J. M., Vrontis, D. (2024). Perspectives on dynamic capabilities and ambidexterity in born-global companies: Theoretical framing, review and research agenda. Journal of International Management, 30(1), 101009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2023.101099

67. Fiorentino, R., Longobardi, S., Scaletti, A. (2021). The early growth of start-ups: Innovation matters. Evidence from Italy. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(5), 1525-1546. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-02-2020-0057

68. Fritsch, M. (2025). Struggling with entrepreneurial ecosystems. The Journal of Technology Transfer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-025-10280-0

69. Fuentelsaz, L., González, C., Mickiewicz, T. (2023). Entrepreneurial growth aspirations at re-entry after failure. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 29(2), 297–327. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2022-0433

70. Fuentelsaz, L., Maicas, J. P., Montero, J. (2025). The social status of entrepreneurs: An analysis of informal and formal institutional determinants. European Management Review, 22(1), 96–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/ emre.12616

71. Gaglio, C. M., Katz, J. A. (2001). The psychological basis of opportunity identification: Entrepreneurial alertness. Small Business Economics, 16, 95-111. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011132102464

72. Galindo-MartĂ­n, M. Ă., Castaño-MartĂ­nez, M. S., MĂ©ndez-Picazo, M. T. (2021). The role of entrepreneurship in different economic phases. Journal of Business Research, 122, 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbusres.2020.08.050

73. Gao, X., Feng, H. (2023). AI-driven productivity gains: Artificial intelligence and firm productivity. Sustainability, 15(11), 8934. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118934

74. Gao, Y., Wang, X., Lu, J., Chen, B., Morrin, K. (2024). Entrepreneurial fear of failure among college students: A scoping review of literature from 2010 to 2023. Heliyon, 10(10), e31072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon. 2024.e31072

75. GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). (2025). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2024/2025 Global Report: Entrepreneurship reality check. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. Pridobljeno s https://www. gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20242025-global-report-entrepreneurship-reality-check-4

76. GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). (2026). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2025/2026 Global Report: From uncertainty to opportunity. Pridobljeno s https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20252026-global-report-from-uncertainty-to-opportunity-3

77. Ghazy, N., Ghoneim, H., Lang, G. (2022). Entrepreneurship, productivity and digitalization: Evidence from the EU. Technology in Society, 70, 102052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102052

78. Gregori, P., Schwarz, E., Holzmann, P. (2025). Agencing entrepreneurial ecosystems for sustainability: A systematic review to rethink values, transformation, and boundaries. Small Business Economics, 65, 1755-1790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-025-01071-w

79. Guerrero, M., Mickiewicz, T., Qin, F. (2024). Entrepreneurial growth aspirations during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of ICT infrastructure quality versus policy response. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 36(1-2), 55-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2233473

80. Hadi, P. (2023). Effect of product innovation on SME’s performance. International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293), 5(2), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v5i2.405

81. Hayton, J. C., George, G., Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 33-52.

82. Hatak, I., Harms, R., Fink, M. (2015). Age, job identification, and entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(1), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-07-2014-0213

83. Henrekson, M., Sanandaji, T. (2020). Measuring entrepreneurship: Do established metrics capture Schumpeterian entrepreneurship? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(4), 733-760. https://doi. org/10.1177/1042258719844500

84. Herrendorf, B., Rogerson, R., Valentinyi, A. (2013). Growth and structural transformation (NBER Working Paper No. 18996). National Bureau of Economic Research. Pridobljeno s https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w18996/w18996.pdf

85. Hess, S., Wurth, B., Stam, E., Giones, F., Fini, R., Cavallo, A., Wahl, A., Bosma, N., Theodoraki, C., Chabaud, D., Brem, A., Kuckertz, A. (2025). The future of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: Toward a policy-oriented research agenda. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 23, e00538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbvi.2025.e00538

86. Ip, C. Y. (2024). From green entrepreneurial intention to behaviour: The role of environmental knowledge, subjective norms, and external institutional support. Sustainable Futures, 8, 100331. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.sftr.2024.100331

87. Islam, M. M., Fatema, F. (2023). Do business strategies affect firms' survival during the COVID-19 pandemic? A global perspective. Management Decision, 61(3), 861-885. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2021-1456

88. Iwasaki, I., Kočenda, E., Shida, Y. (2022). Institutions, financial development, and small business survival: Evidence from European emerging markets. Small Business Economics, 58(3), 1261-1283. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11187-021-00470-z

89. Iyelolu, T. V., Agu, E. E., Idemudia, C., Ijomah, T. I. (2024). Driving SME innovation with AI solutions: Overcoming adoption barriers and future growth opportunities. International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive, 7(1), 036-054. https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2024.7.1.0055

90. Jennings, J. E., Brush, C. G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature? Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663–715. https://doi.org/10. 5465/19416520.2013.782190

91. Jennings, J. E., McDougald, M. S. (2007). Work–family interface experiences and coping strategies: Implications for entrepreneurship research and practice. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 747–760. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275510

92. Kannan, S., Gambetta, N. (2025). Technology-driven sustainability in small and medium-sized enterprises: A systematic literature review. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 35(1), 129-157. https://doi. org/10.53703/001c.126636

93. Kattilakoski, M., Husberg, A., Kuhmonen, H. M., Rutanen, J., Vihinen, H., Töyli, P., Lukkari, T., Osmonen, E., Väre, T., Åström, C. (2022). Countryside renewing with the times: Rural policy programme 2021–2027. Publications of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, 13. Pridobljeno s https://julkaisut. valtioneuvosto.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/830d182f-8823-4cc0-b95b-d4e37d51ba8d/content

94. Kautonen, T., Kibler, E., Minniti, M. (2017). Late-career entrepreneurship, income and quality of life. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(3), 318–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.02.005

95. Kautonen, T., van Gelderen, M., Fink, M. (2015). Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(3), 655-674. https://doi. org/10.1111/etap.12056

96. Kazemi, A., Rousta, A., Ghasempour Ganji, S. F., Heidari, K. (2022). Entrepreneurship, Learning Orientation and Export Performance: The Moderating Effect of Network Capacity and Psychic Distance. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 16(4), 1025–1041. httpd://doi.org/10.22059/ijms.2022.340854.675026

97. Kirschning, R., Mrożewski, M. (2023). The role of entrepreneurial absorptive capacity for knowledge spillover entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 60(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00639-0

98. Korsgaard, S., Gartner, W. B., Dentoni, D., Tillmar, M., Gaddefors, J. (2025). Rural entrepreneurship: foundations and future directions during a time of transformation. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 37(9-10), 1085-1101. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2025.2532618

99. Kovác, E. Z., Horváth, I. (2025). Trust, transparency, and AI adoption in business. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 22(6), 81-100. https://doi.org/10.12700/aph.22.6.2025.6.6

100. Kowal, D., Przewoźnik, W. (2025). Deep Tech Ecosystems as Drivers of Sustainable Development: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Perspectives from Europe and Poland. Sustainability, 17(22), 10195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210195

101. Krueger, N., Liñán, F., Nabi, G. (2013). Cultural values and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(9-10), 703-707. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2013.862961

102. Kuckertz, A., Berger, E. S., Prochotta, A. (2020). Misperception of entrepreneurship and its consequences for the perception of entrepreneurial failure – the German case. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(8), 1865-1885. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-02-2020-0060

103. Kwon, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, S., Oh, R. (2022). Knowledge spillovers and patent citations: Trends in geographic localization 1976–2015. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 31(3), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1 080/10438599.2020.1787001

104. Lévesque, M., Minniti, M. (2006). The effect of aging on entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(2), 177–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.04.003

105. Libai, B., Bart, Y., Gensler, S., Hofacker, C. F., Kaplan, A., Kötterheinrich, K., Kroll, E. B. (2020). Brave new world? On AI and the management of customer relationships. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 51(1), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.04.002

106. Mahardhani, A. J. (2023). The role of public policy in fostering technological innovation and sustainability. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(2), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v1i2.22

107. Malach-Pines, A., Levy, H., Utasi, A., Hill, T. (2005). Entrepreneurs as cultural heroes: A cross-cultural, interdisciplinary perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(6), 541–555. https://doi. org/10.1108/02683940510615460

108. Malenković, S., Slavec Gomezel, A. (2025). The Role of Personality Traits and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy in SME Sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 32(4), 5689-5703. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.3261

109. Man, T. W. Y., Lau, T., Snape, E. (2008). Entrepreneurial competencies and the performance of small and medium enterprises: An investigation through a framework of competitiveness. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 21(3), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2008.10593424

110. Marlow, S., McAdam, M. (2013). Gender and entrepreneurship: Advancing debate and challenging myths; exploring the mystery of the under-performing female entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 19(1), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551311299288

111. Martínez-Rodríguez, I., Quintana-Rojo, C., Gento, P., Callejas-Albiñana, F. E. (2022). Public policy recommendations for promoting female entrepreneurship in Europe. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 18(3), 1235-1262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-021-00751-9

112. Mason, C. M., Harrison, R. T. (2006). After the exit: Acquisitions, entrepreneurial recycling and regional economic development. Regional Studies, 40(1), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400500450059

113. Matos, S., Hall, J. (2021). An exploratory study of entrepreneurs in impoverished communities: When institutional factors and individual characteristics result in non-productive entrepreneurship. V: Business, entrepreneurship and innovation toward poverty reduction (pp. 134-155). Routledge. https://doi. org/10.4324/9781003176107-7

114. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E. (2017). Machine, platform, crowd: Harnessing our digital future. W. W. Norton & Company. https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393356069

115. McKinsey & Company. (2025). The state of AI: How organizations are rewiring to capture value. Pridobljeno s https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai-how- organizations-are-rewiring-to-capture-value

116. Mehdi, S. A., Singh, L. B. (2023). Fear of failure and entrepreneurship: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 15(6), 575-594. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijev.2023.136297

117. Mendoza, M., Molina, L. M., Ortega-Egea, M. T. (2025). Effect of different types of knowledge intensive business services on innovation and performance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 210, 123886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123886

118. Morales, G. L. O., Aguilar, J. C. R., Morales, K. Y. L. (2022). Culture as an obstacle for entrepreneurship. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00230-7

119. Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, Part B, 403-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012

120. Nikolova, E., Simroth, D. (2013). Does cultural diversity help or hinder entrepreneurs? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Working Papers 158, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.

121. North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808678

122. Oberschachtsiek, D. (2012). The experience of the founder and self-employment duration: A comparative advantage approach. Small Business Economics, 39(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9288-1

123. OECD, European Commission. (2023). The missing entrepreneurs 2023: Policies for inclusive entrepreneurship and self-employment. OECD Publishing, Paris. Pridobljeno s https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/the-missing-entrepreneurs-2023_230efc78-en.html

124. OECD. (2021). Entrepreneurship policies through a gender lens (OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship). OECD Publishing, Paris. Pridobljeno s https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/entrepreneurship-policies-through-the-gender-lens_71c8f9c9-en.html

125. OECD. (2023a). OECD SME and entrepreneurship outlook 2023. OECD Publishing, Paris. Pridobljeno s https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-sme-and-entrepreneurship-outlook-2023_342b8564-en.html

126. OECD. (2023b). Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2023: Enabling Transitions in Times of Disruption. OECD Publishing, Paris. Pridobljeno s https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-science-technology-and-innovation-outlook-2023_0b55736e-en.html

127. OECD. (2025a). AI adoption by small and medium-sized enterprises: OECD discussion paper for the G7. OECD Publishing, Paris. Pridobljeno s https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/ai-adoption-by-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises_426399c1-en.html

128. OECD. (2025b). Generative AI and the SME workforce: New survey evidence. OECD Publishing, Paris. Pridobljeno s https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/generative-ai-and-the-sme-workforce_2d08b99d-en

129. Øyna, S., Alon, I. (2018). A review of born globals. International Studies of Management & Organization, 48(2), 157-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2018.1443737

130. Pan, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, M. (2024). The impact of entrepreneurship of farmers on agriculture and rural economic growth: Innovation-driven perspective. Innovation and Green Development, 3(1), 100093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2023.100093

131. Parker, S. C. (2018). The economics of entrepreneurship (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/9781316756706

132. Paul, J., Rosado-Serrano, A. (2019). Gradual internationalization vs born-global/international new venture models: A review and research agenda. International Marketing Review, 36(6), 830-858. https://doi.org/10.1108/imr-10-2018-0280

133. Paul, S., Raju, D. (2021). Barriers to growth-enhancing structural transformation: The role of subnational differences in intersectoral productivity gaps (Policy Research Working Paper No. 9683). World Bank. Pridobljeno s https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/03396035-4999-5592-b80b- 73afbd882ba6

134. Pelaez, S. (2024). Exporting knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS): Innovation and complementary factors. SSRN Electronic Journal. Pridobljeno s https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=4799870

135. Putri, A. N. A., Hermawan, P., Mirzanti, I. R., Meadows, M., Sadraei, R. (2025). Exploring green growth in SMEs: Global trends, challenges, and future directions. Forsajt, 19(1), 16-31. https://doi.org/10.17323/fstig.2025.23708

136. Queissner, M., Stolz, L., Weiss, M. (2025). A meta-analysis of entrepreneurial ecosystem elements and entrepreneurial activity. Small Business Economics, 64(4), 1817-1847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-024-00953-9

137. Raharjo, K., Afrianty, T. W., Prakasa, Y. (2024). Digital literacy and business transformation: Social-cognitive learning perspectives in small business enterprises. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2376282. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2376282

138. Reuther, K., Dahle, Y., Schmidt, C., Schösser, F. (2023). Motivational facets of sustainable entrepreneurship: A systematic review and future research agenda. Sustainability, 15(3), 2272. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032272

139. Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., Lopez-Garcia, P., Chin, N. (2005). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Data collection design and implementation 1998–2003. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 205–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1

140. Ribeiro, G. K. A., Leitão, J. (2024). Sustainable leadership and sustainable entrepreneurship: A systematic literature review. Discover Sustainability, 5(1), 188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00383-3

141. Risku-Norja, H., Voutilainen, O., Yli-Viikari, A. (2010). Rural development in Finland: Revival of a natural resource sectors perspective. Society and Natural Resources, 24(1), 75-84. https://doi. org/10.1080/08941920903420697

142. Roberts, D. L., Candi, M. (2024). Artificial intelligence and innovation management: Charting the evolving landscape. Technovation, 136, 103081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103081

143. Rodrik, D. (2016). Premature deindustrialization. Journal of Economic Growth, 21(1), 1-33. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10887-015-9122-3

144. Romero, I., Mammadov, H. (2025). Digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises as an innovation process: A holistic study of its determinants. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 16(2), 8496-8523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02217-z

145. Rosyidah, U., Sudarmiatin, S., Sumarsono, H. (2023). Digitalization and internationalization of SMEs: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Enterprise and Development, 5(3), 479-499. https://doi. org/10.20414/jed.v5i3.7196

146. Sareen, A., Pandey, S. (2022). Organizational innovation in knowledge intensive business services: The role of networks, culture and resources for innovation. FIIB Business Review, 11(1), 107-118. https://doi. org/10.1177/23197145211020737

147. Schlee, D., Foerstl, K., Gutmann, T. (2024). Buying knowledge-intensive business services: Overarching themes, actor relationships, and future research agenda. European Management Review, 21(4), 760-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12691

148. Schmidt-Thomé, K., Lilius, J. (2023). Smart shrinkage and multi-locality – The appeal of hope, illustrated through Puolanka, a rural municipality in Finland. Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 11(1), 2165140. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650020.2023.2165140

149. Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small Business Economics, 33(2), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9215-5

150. Shane, S., Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611

151. Sharfaei, S., Wei Ong, J., Ojo, A. O. (2023). The impact of market uncertainty on international SME performance. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2198160

152. Sharma, R. (2024). AI Monetization: Strategies for Profitable Innovation. V: AI and the Boardroom: Insights into Governance, Strategy, and the Responsible Adoption of AI (pp. 203-213). Apress, Berkeley, CA. https://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0796-1_16

153. Shukla, S., Kumar, R. (2024). Venturing into a New Business: Do Self-efficacy and Risk-taking Propensity Help? Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 49(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909241234

154. Singh, S., Corner, P. D., Pavlovich, K. (2015). Failed, not finished: A narrative approach to understanding venture failure stigmatization. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(1), 150-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbusvent.2014.07.005

155. Skica, T., Piątkowski, M. J., Abdić, A., Lazović-Pita, L. (2025). What shapes entrepreneurial activity in the European Union? Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 21(3), 77-100. https://doi. org/10.7341/20252134

156. Slavec Gomezel, A., Stritar, R. (2022). An entrepreneur's perspective on entrepreneurial recycling. Economic and business review, 24(2), 64–83. https://doi.org/10.15458/2335-4216.1298

157. Sohu, J. M., Hongyun, T., Akbar, U. S., Hussain, F. (2023). Digital innovation, digital transformation, and digital platform capability: Detrimental impact of big data analytics capability on innovation performance. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 265-281. Pridobljeno s https://irjmss.com/index.php/irjmss/article/view/23

158. Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12167

159. Spigel, B., Vinodrai, T. (2020). Meeting its Waterloo? Recycling in entrepreneurial ecosystems after anchor firm collapse. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0898562 6.2020.1734262

160. Sreenivasan, A., Suresh, M. (2023). Exploring the contribution of sustainable entrepreneurship toward sustainable development goals: A bibliometric analysis. Green Technologies and Sustainability, 1(3), 100038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2023.100038

161. Stam, E. C., Spigel, B. (2016). Entrepreneurial ecosystems (Working Paper No. 16-13). Utrecht School of Economics, Utrecht University. Pridobljeno s https://www.uu.nl/sites/default/files/rebo_use_dp_2016_ 1613.pdf

162. Stam, E., van de Ven, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small Business Economics, 56(2),

809- 832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00270-6

163. Subramaniam, A., Teh, R. (2026). Accelerating digital transformation: Key drivers of cloud computing adoption and firm performance outcomes in Malaysian SMEs. Future Business Journal, 12(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00711-7

164. SURS. (2025). Digitalno podjetništvo, 2025: Več podjetij uporablja plačljive storitve računalništva v oblaku, tehnologije UI in izvaja podatkovno analitiko. Pridobljeno s https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/News/Index/13906

165. Susanto, P., Hoque, M. E., Shah, N. U., Candra, A. H., Hashim, N. M. H. N., Abdullah, N. L. (2023). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs: the roles of marketing capabilities and social media usage. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(2), 379-403. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-03-2021-0090

166. Sussan, F., Acs, Z. J. (2017). The digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9867-5

167. Tang, J., Kacmar, K. M. M., Busenitz, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(1), 77-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.07.001

168. Teixeira, R., Suzin, J. B., de Jesus Pacheco, D. A., Santos, J. B. (2023). An empirical taxonomy of knowledge-intensive business services buyers: An absorptive capacity approach. Industrial Marketing Management, 108, 149-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.11.003

169. Theodoraki, C., Dana, L. P., Caputo, A. (2022). Building sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems: A holistic approach. Journal of Business Research, 140, 346-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.005

170. Thurik, A. R., Audretsch, D., Block, J. H., Burke, A., Caree, M. A., Dejardin, M., Rietveld, C. A., Sanders, M., Stephan, U., Wiklund, J. (2024). The impact of entrepreneurship research on other academic fields. Small Business Economics, 62, 727–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00781-3

171. Tripopsakul, S. (2025). Social norms, attitudes, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions: Moderating roles of education, risk tolerance, and innovation orientation. International Journal of Analysis and Applications, 23, 74. https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-23-2025-74

172. UMAR. (2025). Kakovost življenja v Sloveniji: Poročilo o razvoju 2025. Urad Republike Slovenije za makroekonomske analize in razvoj. Pridobljeno s https://www.umar.gov.si/publikacije/porocilo-o- razvoju/

173. UNDP. (2023). Building a Sustainable Future: ESG Business Handbook. Pridobljeno s https://www.undp. org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2023-08/building_a_sustainable_future_esg_business_handbook. pdf

174. Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbusvent.2009.09.004

175. United Nations. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Pridobljeno s https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda

176. United Nations. (2023). World Investment Report 2023. United Nations. Pridobljeno s https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789210027847

177. van Dijk, J., Leendertse, J., Stam, E., van Rijnsoever, F. (2025). The entrepreneurial ecosystem clock keeps on ticking: A replication and extension of Coad and Srhoj (2023). Research Policy, 54(2), 105154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2024.105154

178. van Praag, M., van der Sluis, J., Vijverberg, W. (2008). Education and entrepreneurship selection and performance: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 22(5), 795–841. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2008.00550.x

179. van Stel, A., Carree, M., Thurik, R. (2005). The effect of entrepreneurial activity on national economic growth. Small Business Economics, 24, 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1996-6

180. Vasiliki V., Chrysostomos, S., Theodosios, P., Charalampos, B. (2020). Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-0112-0

181. Vasin, S. M. (2022). Sectoral transformation of the economic system during crisis and stable growth periods (A case study of the European countries). Economies, 10(6), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060148

182. Vatavu, S., Dogaru, M., Moldovan, N. C., Lobont, O. R. (2022). The impact of entrepreneurship on economic development through government policies and citizens’ attitudes. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 1604-1617. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1985566

183. Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122,

889- 901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022

184. Vial, G. (2021). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. V: Managing Digital Transformation (pp. 13-66). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003008637-4

185. Vlada Republike Slovenije. (2025a). NaÄŤrt za okrevanje in odpornost. Pridobljeno s https://www.gov.si/zbirke/projekti-in-programi/nacrt-za-okrevanje-in-odpornost/

186. Vlada Republike Slovenije. (2025b). Evropska sredstva za digitalno transformacijo podjetij. Pridobljeno s https://www.gov.si/novice/2025-04-10-evropska-sredstva-za-digitalno-transformacijo-podjetij/

187. Wadichar, R. K., Manusmare, P., Burghate, M. A. (2024). Entrepreneurial ecosystem: A systematic literature review. Vision, 28(2), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629221093866

188. Wamba, S. F., Carter, L. (2014). Social media tools adoption and use by SMEs: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 26(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2014040101

189. Welter, F. (2011). Contextualizing entrepreneurship—conceptual challenges and ways forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 165-184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00427.x

190. Wennberg, K., DeTienne, D. R. (2014). What do we really mean when we talk about “exit”? A critical review of research on entrepreneurial exit. International Small Business Journal, 32(1), 4–16. https://doi. org/10.1177/0266242613517126

191. Williamson, O. E. (2000). The new institutional economics: Taking stock, looking ahead. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3), 595-613. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.3.595

192. World Economic Forum. (2020). Global Competitiveness Report Special Edition 2020: How Countries are Performing on the Road to Recovery. World Economic Forum. Pridobljeno s https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2020.pdf

193. World Economic Forum. (2025). Future of jobs report 2025: Insight report January 2025. Pridobljeno s https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_Report_2025.pdf

194. Wurth, B., Stam, E., Spigel, B. (2022). Toward an entrepreneurial ecosystem research program. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 46(3), 729-778. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258721998948

195. Wurth, B., Stam, E., Spigel, B. (2023). Entrepreneurial ecosystem mechanisms. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 19(3), 224-339. https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000089

196. Yang, J., Blount, Y., Amrollahi, A. (2024). Artificial intelligence adoption in a professional service industry: A multiple case study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 201, 123251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. techfore.2024.123251

197. Yunusbayeva, G., Pohl, H. H., Hjelmberg, J. M., Bhatti, W. A. (2025). Balancing Barriers and Enablers: Swedish SMEs' Journey Toward Contributing to SDGs. Business Strategy and the Environment, 34(8), 9605-9619. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70089

198. Žufan, J., Civelek, M., Hamarneh, I., Kmeco, Ľ. (2020). The impacts of firm characteristics on social media usage of SMEs: Evidence from the Czech Republic. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 8(1), 102-113. https://doi.org/10.37335/ijek.v8i1.111

Prenosi

E-knjiga (pdf)
Mehka vezava (v tisku)

Izdano

8 maj 2026

Zbirka

Globalni podjetniški monitor Slovenija / Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Slovenia

E-ISSN

3023-9877

Tiskane izdaje ISSN

3023-9869

Kategorije

Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Univerza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založba

Licenca

Creative Commons licenca

To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 mednarodno licenco.

Podrobnosti o formatu publikacije na voljo: E-knjiga (pdf)

E-knjiga (pdf)

ISBN-13 (15)

978-961-299-143-2

COBISS.SI ID (00)

276028931

THEMA Subject Codes (93)

K, KJ, KJH

Date of first publication in original language (20)

08.05.2026

Podrobnosti o formatu publikacije na voljo: Mehka vezava (v tisku)

Mehka vezava (v tisku)

ISBN-13 (15)

978-961-299-144-9

COBISS.SI ID (00)

276028163

THEMA Subject Codes (93)

K, KJ, KJH

Date of first publication in original language (20)

08.05.2026

Dimenzije

17cm x 24cm x 1.2cm

Kako citirati

Širec, K., Tominc, P., Bradač Hojnik, B., Rus, M., & Crnogaj, K. (2026). Podjetništvo med potencialom in razvojnimi ambicijami: GEM Slovenija 2025 (Let. 2025). Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru. https://doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.4.2026